大型航空航天铝合金承力构件增材制造技术

大型航空航天铝合金承力构件增材制造技术 Additive manufacturing technology for large load-carrying component of aluminum alloy in aeronautics and astronautics 张春杰 ZHANG Chunjie 1 first-author 齐超琪 QI Chaoqi 1 corresp 149@163.com 赵凯 ZHAO Kai 1 郝云波 HAO Yunbo 1 杜洋 DU Yang 1 黄叶玲 HUANG Yeling 1 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 Shanghai Aerospace equipment Manufacturer Co.,Ltd. Shanghai Aerospace equipment Manufacturer Co.,Ltd. 金属增材制造技术凭借其个性化定制能力和高质量成形潜力,迅速发展成为影响航空航天设计与制造能力的一项关键先进技术。在简要总结金属增材制造技术分类和原理的基础上,阐述了高强铝合金在激光增材、电弧增材、电子束增材、固相增材工艺下的形性调控与成形机理研究进展,综合归纳了铝合金增材制造技术在航空航天领域的具体应用,展望了大型铝合金承力构件在形性调控、结构设计、材料体系、工艺数据库、智能化增减材技术等方向的研究。 With the characteristics of personalized design and high-quality forming,metal additive manufacturing（AM）has a tremendous developing potential in advanced manufacturing and plays a key role in design and manufacture of aerospace component. Based on a brief overview of the AM technology categories and theories,the research progress of forming mechanism in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing is elaborated and the coordination mechanism of structure and performance is described,involving laser additive manufacturing,wire arc additive manufacturing,electron beam additive manufacturing and solid-phase additive manufacturing. The current application of aluminum alloy AM technology in the aerospace field is analyzed,comprehensively. Finally,future research and development strategies of large load-carrying aluminum alloy components,manufactured by AM technology,in the direction of structure-performance control,one-piece structure design,material system,process database and intelligent additive-subtractive manufacture are proposed. 增材制造 铝合金 轻质承力金属构件 形性调控 成形机理 additive manufacturing aluminum alloy light-weight high-performance metallic components structure-performance control forming mechanism V26;V46;TG146.21 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52075341） 2022-03-08 8 51