最新刊期
      期 1 ， 2022
      本期电子书

        Important Issuse

      • Huihui ZHAO,Zhiwei LI,Zide WANG,Hongming GAO,Jiyi DONG,Lan HU
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 1-6(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.01
        摘要：Robot friction stir welding equipment has been more and more used in recent years because of its strong welding adaptability, easy to realize space all position welding, high degree of automation and high production efficiency. In order to meet the requirements of friction stir welding for space curve welds, a five-axis hybrid robot friction stir welding system was developed in this paper. The system is composed of friction stir welding robot subsystem, hydraulic subsystem, sensing and control subsystem and central control unit. It can realize the space surface welding of complex components. The process parameters such as tilt, shoulder depth and weld deviation were measured online. The welding process can be controlled by constant tilt, constant depth and automatic welding seam tracking. The central control unit is developed with industrial computer as the core to realize the integration of the above subsystems. Based on the Kingview software, the human-computer interaction system is developed, which has the functions of mode setting, equipment status display, parameter acquisition and storage. It provides technical support for the digitization of welding process and product quality traceability.  
        关键词：friction stir welding;five axis hybrid robot;system integration;central control unit   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Na DONG,Yi CHEN,Anli HUANG,Haifeng WU,Bao JIN,Xiao YANG
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 7-16(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.02
        摘要：With the continuous expansion of welding methods and welding construction scenarios, the difficulty of monitoring the welding process has also increased. For this reason, this paper designs a remote monitoring system for welding quality based on 5G communication. The system can remotely monitor the working status and position information of various welding equipment in multiple locations in real time, and obtain various information such as welding current, welding voltage, wire feeding speed, gas flow and so on. Realize real-time monitoring of the welding process and retrospective analysis after welding. Due to the application of 5G communication technology, the system is superior to traditional network forms in terms of network structure convenience, real-time performance, stability, and security. Adopting the thinking of building a smart factory, a complete software system has been developed to create a new networked, intensive, digital, and intelligent welding manufacturing model, which is conducive to improving welding quality and efficiency and reducing welding costs. The application of the system in multiple welding equipment of large power plant equipment manufacturing enterprises shows that the system has the characteristics of stable operation, comprehensive functions, and good real-time data transmission, and is worthy of popularization and application.  
        关键词：5G communication;welding equipment;remote monitoring;digitalization   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Wei GUO,Yan CAI,Xueming HUA
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 17-24(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.03
        摘要：As an alternative to 9%Ni steel, low-nickel low temperature steel has been widely concerned in the field of LNG storage. The weldability and cryogenic properties of low-nickel low temperature steel is very important for the safe service of storage tanks. The microstructure and low temperature mechanical properties of the SMAW joint for 7%Ni steel with 20 mm thick were investigated. The experimental results show that the increase of Cr and Mo has no significant effect on its weldability. The weld formation is qualified, and the weld metal has good low temperature toughness. The coarse grain zone with one thermal cycle is coarse lath martensite and strip M-A component, while the coarse grain zone with multiple thermal cycle is fine tempered martensite and the fine M-A component. The tensile and impact test results at low temperature (-196℃) show that the mechanical properties of the joints meet the requirement of European standard EN10028-4.  
        关键词：low-nickel low temperature steel;LNG storage;coarse grain zone;cryogenic properties   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Yu CHEN,Dajun CHEN,Gao YANG,Hongqi WANG,Fenghua LU,Lili GUAN
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 25-34(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.04
        摘要：The international certification of welding enterprises is the road to international development of Chinese welding production and manufacturing enterprises. For the international certification of welding enterprises, the authorization of the international institute of welding (IIW) process obtained by the international authorization (China) welding enterprise qualification and certification committee (CANBCC) and its promotion in China are introduced. In this paper, the rail transportation, steel structure and other fields are taken as examples to discuss, through the establishment of international standard welding quality system, from the welding personnel, technology, equipment, measurement and certification, production and inspection, marking and traceability, quality record, environmental health and safety and other aspects of the whole process control from the source of the welding project to the completion report, the level of welding management, welding product quality and service are comprehensively improved to provide the premise and foundation for the welding automation, digitalization and intelligence of enterprises, so as to effectively promote the green high-quality development of welding production and manufacturing of China's equipment manufacturing industry.  
        关键词：international certification of welding enterprises;welding quality system and standards;welding automation;digitization;intelligence   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Zhenhua LAI,Dequn KONG,Jian ZHOU,Xuan LI,Xiaowei ZHOU
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 35-45(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.05
        摘要：The aluminium/copper dissimilar metal laser welding process has become a key connection technology for the manufacture of electrical and electronic components in the chemical, refrigeration, aviation, aerospace and automotive sectors, but the high reflectivity makes the two metals have very low absorption for the laser and brittle intermetallic compounds still occur after welding, causing a dramatic reduction in mechanical properties. Material characterisation is an important tool and method in materials science and engineering research and applications, with the aim of understanding and learning about the composition, structure and properties of materials and the relationships between them. Machine vision technology (VMT) can effectively solve the problem of low qualification rate of laser welding of power battery modules, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) can identify the most abundant elemental chemical elements of the melt pool, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) can take full advantage of the benefits of laser welding, fast and sensitive detection of non-equilibrium alloying elements caused by the vapour pressure difference between alloying elements during high power laser processing of metal loss, and thus detect changes in mechanical properties and microstructure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can clearly observe the microscopic structural features of aluminium/copper heterogeneous metal laser welds at the micron/nanometer level, significantly compensating for the limitations of optical metallurgical microscopy in terms of magnification, providing scientific test evidence for the inference of failure mechanisms; high-precision characterisation means TEM has not been seen for the characterisation of aluminium/copper laser welding organisation, and is expected to be used as an organic supplement in the future to further study the aluminium/copper laser welding X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is used to characterise the chemical composition of the microstructure or localised areas of aluminium/copper heterogeneous metal laser welds by means of spot analysis, line sweeping and surface sweeping, and to infer the composition of the intermetallic compound phases in the characteristic areas of the weld according to the element type and content. More advanced characterisation techniques should also be applied to the aluminium/copper laser welding process in order to be of greater scientific value.  
        关键词：aluminum/copper welding;laser welding;metallurgy;material characterization;chemical composition   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Shanlin JI,Ke YANG,Sizhan LIU,Jiaxiao SUN,Yongfeng JIANG,Yefeng BAO
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 46-53(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.06
        摘要：1Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is commonly used in the manufacture of metallurgical rolls, turbine blades, pump shafts and other parts, which often fail due to fracture of the parts as a result of surface micro-defects generated by corrosion, and the appropriate addition of alloying elements that transition to the overlay layer metal can effectively improve their corrosion resistance. In this paper, on the basis of the 1Cr13 flux cored wire formulation, three types of submerged arc flux cored wires were prepared by adding different contents of iron niobium and iron vanadium (3.2 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 10 wt.%).Cladding tests were carried out to analyse the microstructure of the cladding layer metal and to study the effect of Nb and V content on the corrosion resistance of the clad metal. The results show that with the increase in the content of iron niobium and iron vanadium in the flux-cored wire, the number of precipitated phases in the overlay metal gradually increases, and these precipitated phases are carbon and nitride containing Nb and V, which can effectively inhibit the formation of Cr-rich precipitated phases and improve the effective Cr content in the matrix; a large number of uniformly distributed precipitated phases are conducive to corrosion from multiple locations, which promotes the uniform corrosion of the surfacing deposited metal and improves the corrosion resistance of the deposited metal The corrosion resistance of the metal is improved. However, the excessive precipitation of the Nb and V phases will cause a large number of C and N atoms in the matrix to be desolvated, resulting in the decrease of hardness of surfacing deposited metal.  
        关键词：alloy element content;1Cr13;surfacing deposited metal;precipitates;corrosion resistance   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06

        Welding Technology

      • Yulang XU,Peng QIAN,Jingyong LI,Mingxiao SHI,Jiaqi LIU
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 54-62(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.07
        摘要：In order to give full play to their respective advantages, the combined application of dissimilar steel materials came into being, in this study, the dissimilar steel welding experiments of Q235 carbon steel and 304 austenitic stainless steel were carried out by TIG welding, and the welding process was optimized by controlling variables to obtain the qualified welding joints. The microstructure evolution of the welded joint was observed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope and the analysis of phases in the weld seam were tested by X-ray diffractometer. The tensile properties and microhardness of the welded specimens were tested by universal tensile testing machine and microhardness tester respectively. The results show that the weld zone is composed of lath martensite; Carbon migration occurs obviously at Q235 interface, decarburization layer appears on one side of Q235 and carburization layer appears on one side of weld; The microstructure of 304 side fusion zone is fine and discontinuous vermicular ferrite distributed in austenite matrix. When the welded joint is fully penetrated, the tensile fracture occurs on the side of Q235 steel, which indicates that the strength of the welded joint is higher than that of the base metal, and presenting ductile fracture; The distribution rule of microhardness in each area of welded joint is as follows: weld zone > 304 heat affected zone > 304 base metal > Q235 heat affected zone > Q235 base metal.  
        关键词：dissimilar steel;TIG welding;microstructure;mechanical properties   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Yanyan DI,Renzhi HU,Yibo XIONG,Zhizhen ZHENG,Jianjun LI
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 63-67(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.08
        摘要：In order to investigate the temperature evolution law and the influence on the substrate during the wire arc additive manufacturing process, this paper establishes a three-dimensional transient simulation model based on the finite element method and carries out the simulation of the temperature field in the wire arc additive manufacturing process; the temperature of the additive process is measured by the thermal imager, and the simulation results are compared with the actual measurement results. The results show that: the simulation results and test results match well and verify the accuracy of the model; during the wire arc additive manufacturing process, the heat accumulation phenomenon increases in the high temperature region; the first four layers in the stacking process have a large thermal impact on the substrate; the sensitized depth of the heat affected zone of the substrate is about 6 mm below the substrate.  
        关键词：wire arc additive manufacturing;temperature field;thermal cycle characteristics;substrate;sensitization zone   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Jiawei FENG,Laizhu JIANG,Kai XU,Limeng YIN,Naiwen FANG,Haichen WANG,Yinan XU
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 68-76(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.09
        摘要：As a kind of low nickel nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, QN1803 reduces the Ni content by 60% compared with the traditional 304 austenitic stainless steel, and has better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance while saving cost. At present, it is widely used in architectural decoration, medical devices, household appliances and other fields. In this paper, the low nickel nitrogen austenitic stainless steel QN1803 was welded by pulsed TIG welding. The effects of welding heat input on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion properties of welded joints were studied by means of SEM, OM, HV and so on. The results show that the microstructure of QN1803 at room temperature is composed of ferrite and austenite, the grain in HAZ zone does not grow obviously compared with the base metal, and the joint fuses well, the tensile strength of the welded joint is between 650~700 MPa and the hardness of the weld is between 240~260 HV. With the increase of heat input, the pitting potential of weld decreased from 340 mV to 290 mV, the intergranular corrosion rate increased from 455.3 g/(m2·h) to 570.6 g/(m2·h), and the corrosion resistance of welded joint decreased with the increase of heat input. The finite element software MSC.Marc is used to simulate the welding temperature field and residual stress field under different welding heat input conditions. The results show that the residual stress after welding is concentrated in PMZ zone and HAZ zone, and the peak value of residual stress increases with the increase of welding heat input.  
        关键词：austenitic stainless steel;pulsed TIG welding;mechanical properties;corrosion properties   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Ding ZHOU,Di YAO,Jiacheng LUO,Peng TANG,Lei SUN
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 77-88(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.10
        摘要：Laser repairing has been one of the most advanced structural repairing technologies in recent years. In nuclear power industry, plenty of potential structural damage need to be repaired during the operation of nuclear reactors, whereas traditional repairing methods are of low economic efficiency. Laser repairing techniques make it possible to achieve digitized and intellectualized repairing patterns. However, research and applications of laser repairing in the nuclear power industry are still lacking. For this sake, this paper reviews current research progress in laser repairing and its actual applications in various areas. The research and development progress of laser repair device is combed. It is found that the theoretical research has made more systematic achievements, and the repair device has the repair ability of structural specimens, which provides a basis for the application research of laser repair technology. Furthermore, based on the requirements in nuclear power industry, the application prospect of this technology in the field of nuclear power and the technical difficulties to be solved in the fields of repair process research, repair performance test technology research and repair efficiency evaluation method are analyzed.  
        关键词：laser repairing;research progress;nuclear power;potential applications;technological difficulty   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Yu TANG,Kang YANG,Peng LIN,Long NI,Xing LI,Dongjun LIAO,Wenkun ZENG,Qiao LI
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 89-94(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.11
        摘要：In this paper, the effects of assembly gap, welding speed and welding current on the structure and performance of butt joint + lap joint are studied by taking 2219 aluminum alloy plate with 5 mm +7 mm thickness as the object. The 5 mm +7 mm butt + overlap joints of 2219 is welded by TIG as different process parameters according to the welding characteristics of 2219 aluminum alloy, and the structure analysis and mechanical properties test of the joints are carried out. The results show that ,the butt and lap joints under the three parameters are all well formed, the back welding leakage is smooth and uniform, and there is no undercut, sharp transition and spatter defects on the surface of the weld, the joints welded by smaller gap and larger current have better performance, and tensile strength can reach 72% of the base material. Suitable welding speed and current can inhibit the precipitation of the second term, thereby making the structure at the fusion line more uniform and improving the mechanical properties of the joint. It has certain reference value for welding process of the 2219 aluminum.  
        关键词：2219 aluminum alloy;butt + overlap joints;welding process;assembly gap;welding current   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Haodong LIU,Jingtao DAI
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 95-102(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.12
        摘要：Laser welding technology was widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, petroleum and petrochemical, rail transit and other industrial fields, and had been widely concerned, because which has the advantages include small heat affected zone, stable welding quality, small welding deformation, high degree of automation, and difficult welding materials could be welded. The application of several kinds of laser welding technology which were studied widely was summarized, which mainly includes the laser self-fusible welding, laser hybrid welding, laser-field coupling welding, laser filler wire welding, laser welding with powder feed, and dual beam laser welding, the mechanism of the welding process and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Finally, the application characteristic and and research progress of the different laser welding technology were emphatically introduced. It’s expected to provide comprehensive, detailed and referential reference for the laser welding industry practitioner.  
        关键词：laser welding;laser self-fusible welding;laser hybrid welding;laser-field coupling welding;laser filler wire welding;laser welding with powder feed   
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      • Suxia SHI,Mou ZUO,Xueli LIU,Chunrong YANG
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 103-108(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.13
        摘要：The sealing ring structure of an aero engine is connected by the mounting edge of material 1Cr17Ni2 and the ring of material QAL7 through vacuum brazing. After the aero engine test run, the qualified brazing seam processed by the original process appeared the phenomenon of brazing crack, which seriously restricted the development progress. In this paper, vacuum brazing technology of sealing ring is improved by using simulated parts, and HBAg72CuNiLi eutectic filler metal is used. The brazing gap is adjusted to 0.18~0.20 mm at room temperature, the brazing gap is ensured by turning the external diameter of bronze ring according to the size of the mounting edge, and the weld cracking during brazing is prevented from increasing the brazing equipment. The results show that the brazing seam has uniform surface, smooth transition and no defects, which meets the quality requirements. The water immersion ultrasonic testing is used instead of X-ray inspection to detect the brazing seam, and the detection results are consistent with the metallographic detection results. The parts brazed by the new technology pass the test run and the problem of cracking of brazing seam is solved.  
        关键词：seal ring;vacuum brazing;brazing gap;ultrasonic testing in water immersion   
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        发布时间：2022-05-06
      • Ming HAO,Xingguo WANG,Teng LI
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 109-114(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.14
        摘要：In this paper, spray combustion process was simulated numerically at cutting nozzle external flow field by the FLUENT software. Turbulence model was standard model, combustion model was eddy dissipation model, fuel droplet was described by discrete phase model, this article attempts to use the ED model to explore the possibility of flame burning in the flow field outside the cutting nozzle, through simulation, temperature field, velocity field, concentration field and various details of flame combustion reasonable were obtained. At the same time, by comparing the different mixing ratios of fuel and oxygen, it is found that the maximum temperature that 60% fuel and 40% oxygen and 55% fuel and 45% oxygen can reach is almost the same, which is about 2 760 k, and then provide theoretical basis for improve the flame combustion efficiency.  
        关键词：cutting nozzle;flame combustion;FLUENT;ED   
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        Welding Material

      • Pengliang HU,Linheng CHEN,Xuegang ZHANG,Wei LI,Bo CHEN
        Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages: 115-121(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.01.15
        摘要：In order to solve the welding problem of Q460FRE fire-resistant steel developed by Nanjing Iron & Steel Co., LTD., the supporting welding material J460FR electrode was developed. The mechanical properties of the deposited metal under different chemical compositions and the effect of Mo content on the secondary fire-resistance of deposited metal were studied, and the welding procedure of the newly developed J460FR electrode was evaluated. The results show that the deposited metal of the newly developed J460FR electrode has good comprehensive mechanical properties and certain fire resistance, Mo content has an obvious effect on the high temperature tensile yield strength of weld, and the effect is the most significant when Mo content is 0.1%~0.5%; Under the condition of simulated secondary fire at 600 ℃ for 3 hours, the high strength can also be ensured; The electrode has excellent welding process performance and operation performance, and meets the design requirements, which can be used for the welding of Q460FRE fire-resistant steel.  
        关键词：fire-resistant steel;secondary fire-resistance;J460FR electrode;tensile yield strength of deposited metal   
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