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李林，雷振，孙谦，等.万瓦级扫描激光焊接背面焊缝成形规律研究［J］.电焊机，2023，53（4）：112-119.
LI Lin, LEI Zhen, SUN Qian, et al.Study on Forming Law of Backside Weld of 10 Million Watt Level Scanning Laser Welding[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2023, 53(4): 112-119.
采用穿透式扫描激光不开坡口焊接方法对8 mm厚碳钢进行了万瓦级激光焊接试验，分析了激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量、扫描幅度和扫描频率对焊缝背面成形的影响。结果表明，当焊接速度为0.9 m/min、1.2 m/min时，在扫描激光作用下熔池受表面张力与重力平衡，获得了背面成形均匀、连续、根部熔透良好，背面余高合适的焊缝；随着离焦量从-10 mm到+10 mm变化，负离焦相较于正离焦焊缝成形更连续均匀，背部余高在1.2~1.5 mm；改变扫描幅度与扫描频率时，扫描频率大于300 Hz、幅度大于2 mm时焊缝部分未熔透，扫描频率为200 Hz、扫描幅度为1 mm 时焊缝成形较好；焊接热输入和离焦量对焊缝背面成形的影响作用大于扫描频率和扫描幅度。通过提高焊接速度、选用-10~0 mm之间离焦量、liner（垂直）扫描方式、200 Hz扫描频率、1 mm或2 mm扫描幅度可获得均匀、连续、根部熔合良好的背面焊缝成形。
The effects of laser power, welding speed, defocus, scanning amplitude and scanning frequency on backside forming of 8 mm carbon steel were systematically studied by using the penetrating scanning laser without opening welding method. The results show that under the conditions of welding speed of 0.9 m/min and 1.2 m/min, the weld pool is balanced by surface tension and gravity under the action of scanning laser, and the weld with uniform forming and continuous back, good root penetration and proper back residual height is obtained. With the change of defocusing distance from -10 mm to +10 mm, negative defocusing distance is more continuous and uniform than positive defocusing distance, and the residual height of back is from 1.2 mm to 1.5 mm. When the welding power, welding speed and defocusing distance were fixed and only scanning mode was changed for comparison test, liner (vertical) scanning mode obtained the best effect under several scanning modes in comparison experiment. Scanning amplitude and scanning frequency were changed, and the weld was partially penetrated or not penetrated when scanning frequency was greater than 300 Hz and the amplitude was greater than 2 mm. Scanning amplitude is 200 Hz, scanning amplitude is 1 mm when the forming is better, and the weld back forming effect welding heat input > defocusing distance > scanning frequency > scanning amplitude. Therefore, by increasing the welding speed, choosing the defocusing distance between -10 mm and 0 mm, liner (vertical) scanning mode, 200 Hz scanning frequency, 1 mm or 2 mm scanning amplitude, uniform, continuous and well-integrated single-side welding back shape of 8 mm carbon steel plate can be obtained.
万瓦级激光扫描焊接单面焊背面成形中厚板背部余高
10 kW laserscanning weldingsingle-side welding back formingmedium-thick plateback more than high
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