金属增材制造无损检测方法研究进展

金属增材制造无损检测方法研究进展 Advances in non-destructive testing methods for metal additive manufacturing 夏卫生 XIA Weisheng 1 first-author 肖阳 XIAO Yang 1 张进叶 ZHANG Jinye 1 杨帅 YANG Shuai 1 华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室 华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室 State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology 金属增材制造作为一种将金属等原材料直接打印为产品的近净成形工艺,在航空航天、汽车船舶、微纳制造、生物医学工程等领域具有极高的应用价值。其特殊的逐层打印机制使得制造过程缺陷倾向大,可能出现致密度差、各向异性、局部变形及应力集中等问题,因此需要合理高效的无损检测方法进行缺陷检测和质量检查。文中以超声、射线以及视觉检测三种无损方法为主要对象,通过分析其原理、典型应用场景、优点及局限等,总结无损检测在金属增材制造的适用场景和发展动向,提出金属增材制造智能检测与控制的发展方向。 Metal additive manufacturing,as a nearnet forming process that directly prints raw materials such as metals into products,has extremely high application value in aerospace,automotive and shipbuilding,micro-nano manufacturing,biomedical engineering and other fields. Its special layer-by-layer printing mechanism makes the manufacturing process defect prone to be large,which may cause many problems such as density difference,anisotropy,local deformation and stress concentration.Therefore,reasonable and efficient non-destructive testing methods are needed for defect detection and quality inspection. In this paper,three methods of ultrasonic,radiography and visual inspection are taken as the main objects. By analyzing their principles,typical application scenarios,advantages and limit-ations,the applicable scenarios and development trends of non-destructive testing in metal additive manufacturing are summarized,and the development direction of intelligent detection and control in metal additive manufacturing is proposed. 金属增材制造 智能检测 超声检测 射线检测 视觉检测 metal additive manufacturing intelligent detection ultrasonic testing radiography detection visual inspection TG115.28 中国博士后科学基金 2022-03-08 8 51