厚板铝合金激光填碎丝焊接工艺研究

厚板铝合金激光填碎丝焊接工艺研究 Research on laser cut-wire filling welding process of thick aluminum alloy plate 胡广胜 HU Guangsheng 1 first-author 单清群 SHAN Qingqun 1 曹春鹏 CAO Chunpeng 1 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd. CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd. 采用激光填碎丝焊焊接厚板6005A铝合金,通过高速摄像仪观察并记录熔池波动状态,研究离焦量对激光填碎丝焊工艺的影响。结果表明,当离焦量为0时,光斑小,能量密度和冲击力大,剧烈反应的液态焊丝阻碍熔池中匙孔的稳定形成,使整个焊接过程不稳定,伴随着出现大量飞溅和周期性细孔。正离焦和负离焦均可以增大光斑直径,提高焊接过程的稳定性,且正离焦的效果优于负离焦,在激光填碎丝焊中宜采用正离焦。对于16 mm厚6005A铝合金,焊接速度6 mm/min、离焦量+5 mm、激光功率6 k W的激光填碎丝焊可以获得成形良好的焊缝;焊缝中心硬度值最低,为54HV;由于焊缝中心气孔数量较多,焊接接头的抗拉强度为173.25MPa。 In this paper,the influence of defocus on the process of laser cut-wire filler welding of thick plate 6005 A aluminum alloy was studied by observing and recording the molten pool fluctuation with a high-speed camera. The results show that when the defocus is zero,the spot is small,the energy density and the impact force are large,and the violently reactive liquid wire prevents the stable formation of keyhole in the weld pool,which makes the whole welding process unstable,accompanied by a lot of spatter and the appearance of periodic fine hole. Both positive defocusing and negative defocusing can increase the spot diameter and improve the stability of welding process,and the positive defocusing effect is better than negative defocusing,so it is better to use positive defocusing in laser wire filler welding. For aluminum alloy 6005A with a thickness of 16 mm,the welding speed is 6 mm/min,the defo-cusing capacity is +5 mm,and the laser power is 6 kW. The hardness value of the weld center of the welded joint is the lowest,which is 54 HV. Due to the large number of pores in the weld center,the tensile strength of the welded joint is 173.25 MPa. 厚板铝合金 激光填碎丝焊 离焦量 焊缝成形 thick plate aluminum alloy Laser cut-wire filling welding defocusing amount weld forming TG456.7 2022-03-08 10 50