The progress of study on cavitation erosion behavior of duplex stainless steel surfacing layers and the influence factors was comprehensively reviewed with emphasis on experimental methods and the cavitation erosion behavior of duplex stainless steel surfacing layers. The effects of mechanical properties, chemical composition, microstructure, and surface morphology of duplex stainless steel surfacing layers as well as the parameters of serving environment on the cavitation erosion behavior of duplex stainless steel surfacing layers were introduced. The analysis shows that by regulating the alloy composition and improving the microstructures, modified duplex stainless steel surfacing layers with excellent cavitation erosion resistance are expected to be prepared, which will provide materials and engineering schemes for the development of marine industry in China.