Extreme high-speed laser material deposition is a new type coating technology. It optimizes the fusion-solidification mode and power absorption by modifying the relative positions of laser light,spray powder and molten pool,thus the deposition speed rate is improved,and a high quality coating, which is free of defects and has high bonding strength as well as low dilution rate,is obtained. Extreme high-speed laser material deposition possesses unique advantages comparing with the other coating technologies,including hard chrome plating,thermal spraying,conventional laser cladding and welding. This paper details the technical features and advantages of extreme high-speed laser material deposition processing,summarizes the research conditions of this new technology,including processing parameters,microstructures,properties and industrial application. An outlook of future development about extreme high-speed laser material deposition is given. It is pointed out that a lack of fundamental mechanics studies about coated components has hindered the application of this new technology.