最新刊期
      期 3 ， 2022
      本期电子书

        Important Issuse

      • Kai XU,Pengbo WU,Ruisheng HUANG,Yu LIANG,Pingli LIU,Yinan XU
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 1-10(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.01
        摘要：Multi-stranded wire is a kind of metal material with a new structure. Due to its special physical structure, it has a unique heat and mass transfer and force transfer mechanism, which has attracted wide attention from scholars at home and abroad. However, the lack of relevant standards limits its wide dissemination. Therefore, it is urgent to standardize the relevant technical requirements of multi-stranded wires products. The group standard of "multi-stranded wires" stipulates the terms and definitions, model classification, main structure, production process flow, technical requirements, test methods, test rules, supply conditions, packaging, marks and quality certificates of multi-stranded wires. In order to further facilitate the relevant users to understand the standard. In this paper some examples and related research results are introduced to explain the standard, which is convenient for multi-stranded wires production enterprises, users and relevant testing institutions to better apply the standard. At the same time, the research status of multi-stranded wires at home and abroad are also summarized, and the future development direction is looked forward.  
        关键词：multi-stranded wires;group standard;enact;research progress   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Yingjie HOU,Ding FAN,Jiankang HUANG
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 11-19(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.02
        摘要：GMAW buried-arc welding has excellent welding efficiency. Under the current of 500 A, the larger arc force makes the arc repel the liquid metal in the molten pool to form a buried arc cavity. With the wire feedrate of 50 m/min and the welding speed of 60 cm/min, the welding wire stably penetrates into the cavity to form a buried arc, which significantly improves the arc energy utilization rate and and completes the single-pass welding of 20 mm thick steel plate with a groove. However, it is difficult to observe the arc and metal transfer behavior in buried arc cavity by experimental means. Therefore, based on the theory of magnetohydrodynamics, a mathematical model of arc is established by using numerical simulation to study the unique arc characteristics of GMAW buried-arc welding. The results show that: Compared with the bell jar shaped arc of ordinary GMAW welding, the arc of high current GMAW buried-arc welding is more extended at the end of the welding wire , with arc climbing phenomenon；a large amount of metal vapor generated in the buried arc cavity changes the arc atmosphere and thus changing the arc shape and significantly reducing the arc temperature; the external axial magnetic field also has a great influence on the arc shape, and the arc above the base metal has a low temperature cavity.  
        关键词：GMAW buried-arc welding;metal vapor;external magnetic field;numerical simulation;high efficiency welding   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Lin SU,Xueli MA,Derong CUI,Tianying WANG,Liantao RAO,Dayang HAO,Jie XU
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 20-28(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.03
        摘要：The long distance oil and gas pipeline is an important energy infrastructure in China. The internal and external wall defects of the in-service pipeline are serious hidden dangers for the safe operation of the pipeline, which need to be regularly evaluated. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is one of the common methods in pipeline nondestructive testing and is widely used. In this paper, based on the basic principle of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection technology, COMSOL finite element software and circumferential excitation are used to simulate and analyze the distribution characteristics of magnetic flux leakage in pipe pits and cracks. By changing the geometric size and location of pits and cracks, the magnetic leakage distribution characteristic curves of defects with different parameters were obtained. The results show that the peak-to-peak value of the radial component and the peak value of the circumferential component of the flux density increase non-linearly with the increase of the pit radius and nearly linearly with the increase of the pit depth. With the increase of crack length, width and depth, the MFL signal increases non-linearly, and the depth has the most obvious effect on the MFL signal. The defect close to permanent magnet is obviously affected by background magnetic field, and its magnetic leakage signal will increase abnormally and shift. As the angle between crack direction and pipeline axis increases, the MFL signal weakens, and when the crack angle is greater than a certain value, the MFL signal cannot be effectively detected.  
        关键词：circumferential excitation;magnetic flux leakage detection;pit defect;crack defect;finite element simulation   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Zonghui CHENG,Ziqiang ZHANG,Zhao FAN,Benfang DUAN
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 29-35(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.04
        摘要：Ultra high strength low alloy steel 30CrMnSiNi2A is widely used in the field of aviation equipment. In the process of long-term service， it often faces the problem of performance degradation caused by damage and wear， which seriously affects the safe service of aviation equipment. In order to meet or exceed the original service performance requirements and improve service life， laser cladding technology was used to prepare 0.3 mm thick ultra-high strength high alloy steel AF1410 and stainless steel 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N cladding layers on the surface of 30CrMnSiNi2A substrate respectively.The microstructure， elastic modulus， microhardness and friction and wear properties of the two different cladding layers were characterized and analyzed. The metallurgical bond between the clad layer and the substrate was observed for both powders， with the AF1410 clad layer being more dense and free of significant porosity. Compared to the clad layer 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N and the matrix 30CrMnSiNi2A， the clad layer AF1410 has higher microhardness and elastic modulus， and better frictional wear properties； the wear mechanisms of all three are mainly abrasive and oxidative wear. The research work will provide theoretical guidance for the application of laser preparation of wear-resistant coating on ultra-high strength low alloy steel 30CrMnSiNi2A.  
        关键词：laser cladding;AF1410;1Cr15Ni4Mo3N;frictional wear   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Yuying ZHU,Hongwei SUN,Jialei ZHU,Xiaoxin ZHAO,Feihong ZHOU
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 36-45(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.05
        摘要：Welding is the basic method of manufacturing and assembling parts ,in the long-term welding process, enterprises will generate a large number of process documents. For this, traditional manual data management is no longer suitable for modern production needs. A large number of paper and fragmented electronic documents are grouped together and stored in a unified format in different welding processes. In the database, efficient storage and management of data can be achieved. Based on a large amount of engineering experience and expert knowledge, the welding database can generate expert-level welding process cards by itself to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the face of complex welding production processes. With the influx of multi-disciplinary and new technologies towards the database system, multiple welding databases are integrated and unified into a feature-rich welding database system. Welding performance prediction and welding sequence optimization have begun to be applied in the welding field. On the other hand, it provides great convenience for resource sharing, multi-concurrency processing, engineering maintenance, and evaluation. This paper summarizes the development and application status of welding database systems at home and abroad, summarizes the main functions and applications of the database in the field of welding, and forecasts its development trend.  
        关键词：intelligent welding;database system;cost reduction and efficiency increase;expert-level welding process cards   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26

        Welding Technology

      • Lei YU,Zhihong LI,Lu JIANG,Wenchao ZOU,Feng JIANG,Jing PENG
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 46-52(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.06
        摘要：By using large general finite element software ABAQUS as a simulation analysis tool in this paper,based on the double ellipsoidal heat source applied in DFLUX subroutine, the process of internal and external three wire longitudinal submerged arc welding of X90M steel plate is simulated through indirect coupling method and “birth-death element” algorithm,and the welding temperature field and residual stress field are obtained.The results show that when the welding process parameters of internal and external multi wire longitudinal submerged arc welding are certain,the initial welding time (or wire spacing) of each wire determine whether to form a common weld pool; the peak temperature of multi wire eutectic pool welding is higher than that of single wire pool welding due to the severe superposition of multi heat source temperature field，the higher welding temperature field makes the metallurgical reaction in the welding process more fully, and can effectively reduce the cooling rate of the welded joint and its vicinity, resulting in the welded joint formed by multi wire eutectic pool welding has smaller residual stress.On the premise of considering both quality and production efficiency, the multi wire eutectic pool welding process is recommended in the production practice of X90M multi wire longitudinal submerged arc welding.  
        关键词：X90M;submerged arc welding;residual stress;straight seam;temperature field   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Xiaoping ZOU,Tiankuo SHEN,Xuelai YUE,Baochao GUO
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 53-58(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.07
        摘要：The welding quality of 12Cr13 and 304L dissimilar stainless steel for nuclear reactor control rod driving mechanism has an important effect on the safety of the mechanism. In order to obtain a welded joint with better comprehensive performance, nickel-based welding wire ERNiCrFe-7A and the method GTAW are used in this research. After welding of isolation layer on 12Cr13 side and heat treatment, the 12Cr13 and 304L are welded together. The microstructure of the welded joint is observed with an optical microscope, and the tensile test, bending test and hardness test are carried out. Welding joint impact test is carried out at 0 ℃. The results show that the scheme tempered sorbite structure is uniform and the hardness of the HAZ is uniform with 4 mm isolation layer by quenching and tempering. The impact energy at 0 ℃ reaches an average of 152 J. The quenching and tempering treatment effectively reduces the hardness of the 12Cr13 HAZ . The welded joint has a uniform weld structure and good mechanical properties.  
        关键词：nuclear reactor control rod driving mechanism;dissimilar stainless steel welding;heat treatment;isolation layer of Nickel base alloy   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Bin TENG,Donghui FAN,Bao JIANG,Hao CAO,Xin NIE,Ruisheng HUANG
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 59-64(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.08
        摘要：When 30CrMnSi steel is welded by laser self-fusing welding, the probability of crack is still high, and the front side of the weld is prone to collapse under the phenomnon, can not meat the requirements of production use. Results indicate the laser-arc hybrid welding method can realize the single face welding and double face forming of this alloy, and the welding seam is uniform and elegant. When the laser power is 3 000 W and the welding current is 90 A, the internal crack, especially the crack in the lap joint, can be effectively avoided with 3 mm root face. The average tensile strength of the joint is 1 106 MPa, which is 90% of the base metal. The microstructure in the overheated zone of the joint is mainly composed of the coarse martensite, which is the main reason for the increase of hardness.  
        关键词：30CrMnSi steel;laser-arc hybrid welding;crack;tensile strength   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Kailin ZHU,Caiying MI
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 65-71(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.09
        摘要：In an actual crack extension needs to determine three main parameters in the simulation analysis, including local crack torsion Angle, local crack growth increment and expanded fitting overhang of the crack tip, and for the crack growth increment is often according to the requirements of the precision of the calculation results to determine its size, ignoring the effect of crack growth increment on the stability of crack propagation. To solve this problem, FRANC3D and Abaqus software were used to analyze and calculate the crack growth characteristics of Q235 steel CT sample under different crack growth increments, and two conclusions were drawn according to the distribution of stress intensity factor at the crack tip: (1) on both ends of the crack near free surface structure, both ends of trend surface stress state, intermediate internal crack in the plane strain state, the stress intensity factor SIF presents small symmetry distribution on both ends of the large, middle, made in the case of large crack growth increment at the ends of the central crack and extension value differences, eventually lead to crack the concavo-convex extension even instability; (2) In the analysis of crack growth, in order to ensure the calculation accuracy, save calculation time and ensure the stability of crack growth, it is appropriate to select 15%~30% of the characteristic size of the current crack tip element for the increment of crack growth.  
        关键词：FRANC3D;computed tomography (CT) specimen;stress intensity factor;crack growth increment   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Cui LI,Xiaoli DONG,Xiaojun WU,Lei XIAO
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 72-77(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.10
        摘要：Aluminum is widely used in the automotive industry due to its high strength, good plasticity, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, traditional brazing cannot achieve effective connection of pure aluminum, so resistance brazing is considered. Compare the microstructure morphology and mechanical properties of high-temperature brazing and resistance brazing aluminum alloy joints. Two-step resistance brazing method is adopted. In the first step, a current of 3 kA is applied for 1 s, and a current of 6 kA is applied for 6 s in the second step. In order to obtain a brazing connection layer with good connection performance. The results show that the grains in the connecting layer of high-temperature brazing joints present coarse dendrites, while the grains of the connecting layer of resistance brazing joints present round equiaxed crystals; and the section of resistance brazing joints is ductile fracture. The mixed fracture mode of reconciliation and cleavage fracture; at the same time, due to the application of electric field, the heterogeneous nucleation nodes in the connecting layer are increased, the growth of dendrites is inhibited, and the brazed joints with fine grains are finally obtained, and the ultimate tensile strength reaches 65.79 MPa.  
        关键词：resistance brazing;ductile fracture;cleavage fracture;heterogeneous nucleation   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Zaichun SU,Jiahui ZHANG,Pei ZHANG,Fuyong GUO,Jianxiao ZHANG
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 78-83(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.11
        摘要：Austenitic stainless steel 254SMo is widely used in chemical industry and other industries because of its good resistance to pitting corrosion and intergranular corrosion. In this paper, in view of the reduced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel 254SMo welded joints, it is proposed to use 1 150 ℃ solution treatment method improves the properties of welded joints. The super austenitic stainless steel 254SMo was welded by GTAW welding, and the mechanical properties, impact toughness and corrosion resistance of the welded joints in the as-welded and solution-treated states were compared through experiments. The experimental results show that: after solution treatment at 1 150 ℃, the coarse columnar crystal structure in the weld zone disappears, and the equiaxed crystal structure in the heat affected zone appears larger twin crystal structure; the hardness of the weld seam, the heat affected zone and the base metal after solution treatment The value is significantly reduced, the average hardness of the heat affected zone is reduced by 12%, and the average hardness of the weld is reduced by 24%. The tensile strength of the welded joints decreased slightly, while the impact toughness at -196 ℃ increased significantly. The weld increased from 132 J to 161 J, and the heat-affected zone increased from 102 J to 164 J; solution treatment eliminated the grain boundaries of the heat-affected zone. The precipitation phase relieves the intergranular Cr depletion, thereby significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the welded joint.  
        关键词：254SMo steel;nickel-based superalloy;microstructure;solution treatment   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Qingzhou LI,Yuehua ZHOU,Yongquan BAI
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 84-92(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.12
        摘要：As a key component of the door assembly, the welding accuracy of the door inner panel assembly has a great impact on the accuracy of the door. In particular, the welding of the inner door plate assembly involves fixture design, resistance welding, and arc welding process, etc. The process debugging and verification process is complex and has been a pain point for the door manufacturing industry. This paper presents a welding process solution for the Mini truck door inner panel assembly, mainly from three aspects of welding process division, fixture design and welding process validation, including the hierarchical structure of door inner panel assembly, the standard action time of each welding action, the selection standard and simulation principle of welding equipment, and the process analysis of process sequence simulation; and process scheme of door inner panel welding assembly is validated, including welding equipment passing verification, fixture passing verification, workpiece weld joint chisel check verification, which provides a reference for solving the welding process design of door inner panel assembly.  
        关键词：door inner panel assembly;welding procedure;process validation;solder joint strength verification   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26

        Welding Equipment

      • Kexuan CHEN,Yinyin DU,Yanqiang CHEN
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 93-98(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.13
        摘要：In order to improve the stability of the high-current GMAW (gas metal arc welding) process and thus improve the welding efficiency, an intermittent alternating longitudinal magnetic field is introduced to control the welding process. In this paper, a two-level inverter topology is used to develop a magnetron power supply whose output is a square wave AC current with adjustable amplitude, frequency and duty cycle. The simulation model of the magnetron power supply is established by using the visual simulation software Simulink, the simulation results of the circuit under different given parameters are analyzed, and the rationality of the main circuit topology and parameter design is demonstrated. Inductive load is added to test the actual current output waveform and alternating magnetic field waveform of the magnetron power supply under different given parameters. The test results show that the designed magnetron power supply can meet the characteristics of frequency, duty cycle and exciting current amplitude adjustment. At the same time, an alternating magnetic field that matches the output of the power source is obtained, which can be used in high-current GMAW magnetron welding technology.  
        关键词：GMAW;alternating longitudinal magnetic field;inverter;Simulink simulation   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26
      • Dajun ZOU,Hongxue HU,Panyu HUANG
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 99-104(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.14
        摘要：In order to control the welding quality of stainless steel in cryogenic wind tunnel, a set of welding parameter monitoring and analysis system is developed. Based on the sensors, PLC controller and wireless transceiver module, the sensing layer, control layer and equipment layer of the system hardware are constructed respectively, and the power supply system is designed. The software of upper computer and lower computer is developed, which realize the acquisition, analysis and processing of welding parameters such as current, voltage and welding line energy. According to the actual needs, the data screening rules, data storage and display rules, key parameter evaluation rules and welding line energy calculation and analysis rules are formulated.The system is debugged and optimized. The experiment results show that the system can run stably and the accuracy of the parameters is less than 2.7%, which can realize the real-time acquisition and analysis of the key parameters of stainless-steel wind tunnel.  
        关键词：welding parameter;wireless transmission;cryogenic wind tunnel;monitoring system   
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        发布时间：2022-04-26

        Welding Material

      • Qingsu ZHANG,Zhenye CHEN,Bo CHEN,Jianjun QI,Xiaobo HU,Wei FENG
        Vol. 52, Issue 3, Pages: 105-110(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.03.15
        摘要：In this paper, the effects of interpass temperature and welding heat input on the properties of submerged arc welding deposited metal of Q690 high strength seismic and corrosion resistant steel are studied, and the best submerged arc welding process suitable for this steel is recommended. When the interpass temperature is lower than 100 ℃, the brittle fracture occurs repeatedly in the tensile of deposited metal, and there is no brittle fracture when the interpass temperature is higher than 100 ℃. SEM observation shows that the fracture position is hydrogen induced brittle fracture, the energy spectrum analysis of the inclusion in the defect center shows that the inclusion is non-metallic slag. By controlling the welding current and welding speed,the effects of welding heat input on the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness and impact toughness of deposited metal are studied. Except when the heat input is 28.3 kJ/cm, the tensile strength and yield strength of the deposited metal increase, with the increase in heat input, the tensile properties of the deposited metal generally show a downward trend,when the heat input is 21.6 kJ/cm, the average impact value of the deposited metal is the best, and the Brinell hardness decreases gradually with the increase in heat input. It is recommended that the better welding heat input is 19.8~21.6 kJ/cm and the interpass temperature is 100~200 ℃.  
        关键词：Steel Q690;SAW;deposited metal;hydrogen brittle fracture;mechanical properties   
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