最新刊期
期 8 ， 2021
- 摘要：Arc additive manufacturing has obvious advantages in additive manufacturing of large structure because of high deposition efficiency and fast additive speed. How to strengthen the advantage of additive manufacturing is one of the most important research trends in the future. In this paper,several typical arc additive manufacturing methods were introduced and the deposition efficiency and performance characteristics of different methods were compared. The comparison result shows that laser induced arc additive and hot wire additive can significantly improve the additive efficiency. By summarizing the effects of grain refining inoculants and welding wire on the properties of deposited parts,it is found that the grain refining inoculants between additive layers could improve the mechanical properties and reduce the defects of deposited parts. In addition,in order to ensure that the workpiece is suitable for different working environments,the research of new additive manufacturing wire development is also very important. Finally,the influence of additive post-treatment on the properties of deposited parts is introduced. It is found that heat treatment,rolling and other post-treatment process can improve the properties of arc additive manufacturing obviously.关键词：arc additive manufacturing;process method;additive solder;heat treatment;rolling
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Phononic crystals belong to metamaterial. Arrayed structures can be formed by the artificially designed unit cell in phononic crystals,which are used to tuning and control the waves from Hz to THz frequency domains. Phononic crystals have good application prospects in the industrial field. The quantitative controlling of the negative refraction,negative reflection and self-collimation of wave needs the design of phononic crystals with complex structures. Additive manufacturing is the most appropriate method to fabricate it. In this paper,the development and industrial application,the additive manufacturing and the manufacturing problems of phononic crystals were reviewed. The relationship between the additive manufacturing and the structural performance of phononic crystals was discussed. The effect of process parameters on melt pool solidification in additive manufacturing was simulated. The unit cell of phononic crystals was fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing to show the effect of the distortions in manufacturing on band gap characteristics of phononic crystals. The comparison shows that the additive manufacturing can affect the microstructures,mechanical properties,densities and distortions in the fabrication of phononic crystals,which leads to the deviations of structural performance from the theoretical design. The controlling of the mechanical properties and geometrical precisions can help the quantitative controlling of the structural performance and band gap characteristics of the additive manufactured phononic crystals.关键词：additive manufacturing;numerical simulation;phase field method;distortion;microstructure
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Gradient material is a new composite material,its composition,microstructure and performance has gradient changes in space. The additive manufacturing（AM） method provides a new way to make the gradient materials. Compared with traditional gradient material manufacture processes,AM can make one or more dimensions of gradient materials theoretically,and manufacture complex structures. AM processes of gradient material including laser AM,electron beam AM and arc AM,while laser AM process has the largest application field and the deepest study among these methods. Path planning has an important influence on the manufacture of gradient,quality,and formation accuracy of gradient materials,it has become an important research field in the AM of gradient material. This review introduces the domestic and foreign research status of gradient materials prepared by AM methods,gradient microstructure,and path planning in the manufacturing process,which can provide the reference for gradient material AM process.关键词：gradient materials;additive manufacturing;path planning;microstructure
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：As a soft magnetic material with excellent magnetic permeability,permalloy has a very broad application prospect. In this paper,the effects of grain size,element content and internal stress on the magnetic properties of permalloy were discussed based on magnetization mechanism. The research status of permalloy additive manufacturing technology was analyzed. Both advantages and disadvantages of permalloy additive manufacturing technology were discussed. The magnetic properties and improvement measures of the additive manufactured permalloy were studied. In view of the problems that needed to be solved urgently in permalloy additive manufacturing at present,the key point of permalloy additive manufacturing research in the future was summarized,and the prospect of permalloy additive manufacturing was analyzed and prospected.关键词：permalloy;additive manufacturing;magnetic properties;magnetic conductivity;saturated magnetic induction density
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：With the characteristics of personalized design and high-quality forming,metal additive manufacturing（AM）has a tremendous developing potential in advanced manufacturing and plays a key role in design and manufacture of aerospace component. Based on a brief overview of the AM technology categories and theories,the research progress of forming mechanism in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing is elaborated and the coordination mechanism of structure and performance is described,involving laser additive manufacturing,wire arc additive manufacturing,electron beam additive manufacturing and solid-phase additive manufacturing. The current application of aluminum alloy AM technology in the aerospace field is analyzed,comprehensively. Finally,future research and development strategies of large load-carrying aluminum alloy components,manufactured by AM technology,in the direction of structure-performance control,one-piece structure design,material system,process database and intelligent additive-subtractive manufacture are proposed.关键词：additive manufacturing;aluminum alloy;light-weight high-performance metallic components;structure-performance control;forming mechanism
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：In order to investigate the effect of CMT arc characteristics on the microstructure and properties of alumi-num alloy additive manufacturing components,5A56 aluminum alloy was fabricated by arc additive manufacturing with three mode of CMT,CMT-VP and CMT-P respectively. The arc behavior and metal transfer during additive manufacturing were observed by high-speed camera and data acquisition system,the effect of arc characteristics on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy additive manufac-turing specimen was studied. The experimental results show that the CMT arc characteristics has an impact on the arc behavior and metal transfer,the arc behavior is changed in the period of electrode negative in CMT-VP arc,the negative polarity climbs to the wire and wraps the droplet,the heat of melting wire is increased accordingly. In the pulse period of CMT-P,the voltage and current are both in peak and the current peak value is high,resulting in large arc force,the metal transfer in droplet mode and molten pool oscillation. When the welding current and deposition speed are the same,the heat input of the arc is CMT-P>CMT>CMT-VP. The grain size of the deposited metal with lower linear energy of CMT-VP arc is the smallest and the microstructure distribution is more uniform,the deposited metal shows more excellent mechanical properties and the average hardness is the highest,reaching 86.01 HV,and the transverse and longitudinal tensile strength are the largest in CMT-VP,which is 344.68 MPa and 324.61 MPa respectively,and the elongation get to 30.33% and 21.04% respectively. CMT-P has the largest heat input,which can get to form coarse-grained structure and poor mechanical properties.关键词：wire arc additive manufacturing;arc characteristic;microstructure;mechanical property
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Serious wear failure of agricultural machinery soil-engaging components has always been an industry problem to be solved. Braze coating technology,as a new direction in AM（Additive Manufacturing）,has brought new breakthrough in recent years. Heterogeneous brazing technology is used to optimize the materials of soil contacting parts to greatly improve their wear resistance,which is of great significance for improving working efficiency and fostering green transformation of agricultural machinery. This paper summarized the application status and limitations of heterogeneous additive technologies such as overlay welding,thermal spraying,spray welding,and cladding for agricultural machinery soil-engaging components,focused on the application advantages of wear-resistant coating for soil-engaging components based on braze coating technology,and explored the existing problems and development direction of soil-engaging components coatings by braze coating technology.关键词：braze coating;additive manufacturing;soil-engaging components;wear failure;wear-resistant coating
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Wire and arc additive manufacturing employs an electric arc as energy beam to melt metal wire layer by layer to fabricate full weld metal components. It is highly praised for its advantages of low manufacturing cost,high deposition rate,and high material utilization. The automatic detection and control of forming dimensions is a key scientific and technical challenge that must be solved to promote the engineering application and rapid industrialization of wire and arc additive manufacturing. This study mainly discusses current research status of the forming control technology in wire and arc additive manufacturing from the perspective of forming process regulation and on-line monitoring and control. Starting from the principle of infrared,electrical parameter and visual monitoring,research progress and shortcomings of existing monitoring and forming control in wire and arc additive manufacturing are analyzed. The main future outlook of on-line monitoring and control in wire and arc additive manufacturing in the future is put forward.关键词：wire and arc additive manufacturing;forming technology;on-line monitoring;closed-loop control
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：The repair technology of metal parts is the core technology of aviation maintenance,and its development is related to the improvement of China’s aviation maintenance level and ability. For the repair technologies of metal parts involved in the aviation field,including welding repair,such as tungsten inert gas arc welding,plasma arc welding,friction stir welding,and additive manufacturing repair methods,such as laser direct metal deposition,electron beam fuse deposition,cold spraying,their technological characteristics and advantages are analyzed,and the current situation of technology research and engineering application is summarized. On this basis,the gap between domestic and overseas research and application of aviation repair technology is pointed out,and the future development trend,research direction and key points of this field are studied and judged.关键词：aviation maintenance;aircraft;metal parts;welding repair;additive manufacturing repair
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Cr5 series back-up roll was remelted by fiber laser in this study. Through the analysis of structure,micro-hardness and wear resistance,the influence of laser power and scanning speed on single-pass remelted layer,as well as the influence of laser power and scanning distance on multi-pass remelted layer were studied. The result indicates that laser remelting can improve the surface performance greatly,the microhardness reaches 800 HV for single pass processing. The remelted layer has been softened by the later laser pass in the multi-passes processing. But it has good thermal stability,the average microhardness can reach about 600～700 HV,the wear resistance increases about 10 times after the fiber laser remelted. Under this condition of experiment,when the laser power is 1.4 k W,scanning speeding is 0.48 mm/min,scanning interval is 2.2 mm,it has a relatively good production efficiency and wear-resisting performance.关键词：Cr5 steel;back-up roll;laser remelting;wear-resisting performance
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Tungsten has been widely used in aerospace,medical equipment,weapons and other cutting-edge fields because of its high melting point,high thermal conductivity,low sputtering and other advantages. However,high melting point and low temperature brittleness make tungsten unsui-table for traditional casting and machining. In particular,traditional sintering technology has the disadvantages of low density and low strength. Additive manufacturing technology can not only avoid low temperature brittle fracture in tungsten processing,but also meet the requirements of preparing complex structure. Therefore,additive manufacturing techno-logy will become one of the effective methods for manufac-turing pure tungsten. In this paper,the principle,develop-ment status and existing problems of two additive manufac-turing technologies（selective laser cladding,electron beam selective melting） for manufacturing pure tungsten are sum-marized. This paper analyzes and discusses the great development potential and good application prospect of additive manufacturing technology in pure tungsten manufac-turing,including the monitoring and control of thermal cycle in additive process,the diversification of material morphology,and the integration of structure optimization and advanced manufacturing combined with topology optimization technology.关键词：selective laser melting;selective electron beam melting;spheroidization;femtosecond laser;density
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Metal additive manufacturing,as a nearnet forming process that directly prints raw materials such as metals into products,has extremely high application value in aerospace,automotive and shipbuilding,micro-nano manufacturing,biomedical engineering and other fields. Its special layer-by-layer printing mechanism makes the manufacturing process defect prone to be large,which may cause many problems such as density difference,anisotropy,local deformation and stress concentration.Therefore,reasonable and efficient non-destructive testing methods are needed for defect detection and quality inspection. In this paper,three methods of ultrasonic,radiography and visual inspection are taken as the main objects. By analyzing their principles,typical application scenarios,advantages and limit-ations,the applicable scenarios and development trends of non-destructive testing in metal additive manufacturing are summarized,and the development direction of intelligent detection and control in metal additive manufacturing is proposed.关键词：metal additive manufacturing;intelligent detection;ultrasonic testing;radiography detection;visual inspection
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：To solve the problems of poor forming quality,low dimensional accuracy and coarse grains of the formed parts caused by the serious heat accumulation in the process of wire arc additive manufacturing,trailing cooling wire arc additive manufacturing method was proposed to improve the heat accumulation. Numerical simulation and experiments were used to study the effect of trailing cooling on the temperature field of wire arc additive manufacturing process and analyze the effect of cold source on the forming quality,microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed parts. The results show that the application of cold source can effectively improve the heat accumulation in the manufacturing process and the forming quality and dimensional accuracy of the formed parts,meanwhile,optimize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed parts.关键词：wire arc additive manufacturing;trailing cooling;temperature field;forming quality;microstructure and mechanical property
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：According to the demand and development trend of industrial production,a set of powder additive manufacturing control system based on PTA（Plasma Transferred Arc） is designed and built. The system is divided into two parts:heat source control and motion control. In the heat source control part,PLC is used as the control core,and the time sequence control of the heat source component is realized by combining with the touch screen of Winton,and the parameter setting module is designed. By adding subroutines, the switching between the two control modes of heat source can be realized,and the time intervals of the two control modes can be set in the touch screen. In the motion control part,Arduino MEGA 2560 motion control card is used as the control core. Through modeling and layered generation of welding gun motion G code,the G code is compiled into the pulse signal of stepping motor driver,which drives the stepping motor on the three-axis sliding table to rotate and realize the three-dimensional motion of plasma welding gun. The connection between heat source and motion is established by rotary encoder to realize the integrated control of additive manufacturing process. Finally,the feasibility and reliability of the additive manufacturing process control system are verified by process test.关键词：PTA;powder additive manufacturing;PLC;integrated control
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：The electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of GH4169 multi-layer multi-pass deposition sample block was studied,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposition block of electron beam fuse additive manufacturing at different heights and different forming directions were analyzed. The results show that there is obvious anisotropy in the microstructure and mechanical properties of GH4169 additive manufactured by electron beam fuse. The microstructures of the formed samples are mainly γ phase,eutectic γ +Laves phase and carbide phase. There are a large number of Laves bands between dendrites;the microstructure is different in different forming directions,the microstructure along the wire feed direction（Ds） is isometric "cross-shaped" γ dendrites,the typical microstructure of the deposition height direction（Dd）and horizontal direction（ Dt） is columnar crystals. The EDS results show that a small amount of Nb and Mo elements segregated in the same layer. Along the deposition height direction,the microhardness gradually shows an upward trend,and along the horizontal direction,the microhardness basically fluctuates around a certain value. The tensile proper-ties are obviously anisotropic,and the tensile strength along the wire feed direction（Ds） and horizontal direction（Dt） is signifi-cantly higher than that along the deposition height direction（Dd）,and the overall tensile strength is lower than that of high temperature alloy forgings at room temperature.关键词：electron beam fuse additive manufacturing;GH4169;microstructure;mechanical properties
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Selective laser melting（SLM） has unique advantages in the complex metal components manufacturing field. The type and the formation mechanism of the pores in the SLM processed 316L SS samples were analyzed,providing theoretical basis for the defect control. The experimental results show that the defects of internal pores in the SLM processed 316L SS mainly include: triangle pores at the molten pool junction,randomly distributed pores originating from inclu-sions,irregular shallow pores in the center of the molten pool and aggregative distributed pores originating from incomplete fusion of powder. The defects of surface pores mainly include the shallow pitting defect and the deep defect characterized by a thin neck. There are inclusions inside the defect and microcracks are easily produced at the tip of the surface pores.The spatters produced in SLM process are the main cause of internal and surface pores,and the analysis results show that the spatters are mixed oxidation products at high temperature.关键词：selective laser melting;pore type;formation mechanism;spatter;forming cavity
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：For the CMT wire arc additive manufacturing of AZ80 magnesium alloy,the influence of different deposition currents on the forming characteristics of magnesium alloy samples was studied. The results show that the single-pass magnesium alloy samples with good shaping can be obtained by CMT wire arc additive manufacturing with a deposition speed of 10 mm/s and the deposition current of 85～125 A. The height of the middle stable region is slightly higher than that of the arc starting and arc ending points. And the height deviation is controlled within 2.6 mm. With the deposition current increasing from 85 A to 125 A,the height of the deposited layer decreases from 2.39 mm to 2.16 mm,while the width of the deposited layer increases from 8.61 mm to 14.23 mm. Too large or too small deposition current will affect the surface roughness of the samples. The minimum surface roughness is 0.16 mm when the deposition current is 105 A.关键词：magnesium alloy;CMT wire arc additive manufacturing;deposition current;forming characteristics
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Wire arc additive manufacturing（WAAM）technology has the characteristics of high production efficiency and low cost,but in order to ensure the comprehensive performance of the parts produced by WAAM,post heat treatment is often required. In this study,TC4 sample is fabricated by WAAM,and through the optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,tensile testing machine and the hardness tester,the effect of cooling rates（water cooling（WC）,air cooling（AC） and furnace cooling（FC） at950 ℃ for 2 h） on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 is studied. The results show that the microstructures of the TC4 samples under WC,AC and FC modes are composed of primary α phase and β phase,and more β phase is obtained under the WC mode. The microstructure of the TC4 sample shows a tendency of coarsening gradually from the lower part to the upper part. As the cooling rate decreases,the primary αphase gradually coarsens,and the tensile strength of the TC4 sample reduces,and the plasticity increases. The mechanical properties of TC4 sample with 950 ℃ ×2 h/AC exceeds the requirements of the national standard of casting, and the appearance of fracture of tensile samples shows plastic fracture.关键词：wire arc additive manufacturing;TC4;microstructure;mechanical properties;cooling rate
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：The laser fuse additive manufacturing parameters have an important influence on the solidification structure,especially the grain size,which affects the properties of the formed parts. Based on the finite element method,the thermal history of 316L stainless steel was simulated,and the effects of different additive manufacturing processes on grain size were studied. The results show that that the size of the molten pool obtained by simulation is consistent with the reality,and the energy transfer is vertical to the scanning direction and the thickness direction. With the increase of scanning speed,the maximum temperature of forming process decreases. The bottom region of the monolayer microstructure is cellular crystal,the middle region is large columnar dendritic crystal,and the top region is fine equiaxed crystal. The primary dendrite spacing of columnar dendrites reduces as the scanning speed increases.关键词：laser fuse additive;temperature field;microstructural evolution
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Due to high hardness,high melting point and other characteristics,tungsten carbide material is widely used as a hard phase for laser cladding surface strengthening,which can greatly improve the surface wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Tungsten carbide improves the performance of laser cladding layer,but there are some problems such as pores,cracks and uneven tungsten carbide particles. A lot of researches have been carried out on the key issues of thermal history and microstructure evolution,convection and element diffusion in molten pool,decomposition and thermal damage,thermal stress and defect,and wear mechanism during laser cladding process of tungsten carbide. On this basis,the shortcomings and future development trend of laser cladding of tungsten carbide are pointed out.关键词：tungsten carbide;laser cladding;microstructure;thermal damage;defect suppression
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Electron beam fuse additive manufacturing technology is suitable for efficient integrated forming of large and medium-sized metal components. Aiming at the many shortcomings of electron guns currently used for additive manufacturing,an annular beam spot cold cathode electron gun was designed,a three-dimensional model was established,and the structural dimensions of the key components of the beam source were simulated. When the radius of the cathode arc is 100 mm and the anode inclination angle is 40°,the beam quality is the best. According to the simulation results,the actual electron gun was manufactured. After testing,the designed electron gun can withstand voltage up to -22 kV and beam current up to 1250 mA. The 2 mm diameter TC4 welding wire was selected for fuse test with accelerating voltage of -20 kV,beam current of 210 mA,table moving speed of 310 mm/s and wire feed speed of 30 mm/s, and a good surface forming quality is obtained.关键词：electron beam fuse additive manufacturing;annular beam spot;cold cathode electron gun;titanium alloy
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：In the field of robot flexible welding,a multi-robot master-slave coordinated motion control system is designed and implemented. The system adopts a centralized control architecture and a cyclic synchronous position mode.Based on a general multi-robot master-slave coordinated motion control algorithm,the coordinated motion target matrix of slave robot is calculated. Furthermore,the master-slave coordinated motion control process and the corresponding programming instruction set are designed in robot controller.Finally,a multi-robot flexible welding system is set up with four Kaierda KR1440 robots. Through the test of robot program teaching and playback for typical master-slave coordinated welding tasks,the multi-robot master-slave state online switch function is realized and the effectiveness of the control system is verified. This work provides a technical basis for further improving the flexibility of the robot welding system.关键词：multi-robot;master-slave coordinated;online switch;flexible welding
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Aiming at the problems that the diesel generator set of the rail flash welding machine emits black smoke and pollutes the environment during welding,a high power energy storage type rail flash welding power source is developed. The power source has the characteristics of strong output capability,no harmful gas emissions,no noise,stable power supply,simple operation and quick start. It is suitable for mobile rail welding power supply requirements. The application of the power source can greatly improve the working environment of the operator and achieve zero pollution to the environment during the welding process.关键词：steel rail;power source;energy storage power supply device;flash welding
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：Focusing on the problem of the program and data protection for the open robot system with PC as the core architecture,when the external main power supply unexpectedly off and on,a system for power-off protection and timing management was designed and developed. In this system,a power-off protection power can provide continuous power supply for the robot system when the external main power is unexpectedly off. When power on again,the normal shutdown and startup of the robot control system are ensured by the power timing management unit and specially designed timing control logic. This system improves the stability and reliability of the robot control system,and meets the requirements of the efficient and high-quality production for users.关键词：industrial robot;control system;power-off protection;timing management
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：The effect of diffusion time on the microstructure and properties of Inconel 718 superalloy transient liquid phase diffusion welded joints were studied by means of mechanical properties test,interface microstructure observation and element distribution analysis under welding temperature of 1100 ℃ and welding pressure of 1 MPa,using BNi2 as intermediate layer. The results show that the extension of diffusion time can make the intermediate layer elements diffuse more fully,weaken the aggregation degree of precipitates in the diffusion region and increase the joining strength of the joint. The shear strength of the joint reaches 511 MPa when the pressure is 1 MPa at 1100 ℃ for 120 min,and when the diffusion time is 120 min,the shear strength of the joint increases by 10.2% compared with 60 min and 22.9%compared with 30 min. The HV of Inconel 718/BNi2 TLP joint shows M-shaped distribution,that is,the HV in diffusion zone is the highest,and that in isothermal solidification zone is the lowest. The HV of base metal is higher than that in the isothermal solidification zone.关键词：Inconel718;TLP;welded joint;shear strength
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：<正>2020年12月,经过多项学术指标综合评定及同行专家评议推荐,《电焊机》杂志被中国科学技术信息研究所收录为"中国科技核心期刊"（中国科技论文统计源期刊）。《电焊机》杂志多年来一直被收录为"中国科技核心期刊",在此感谢行业专家、学者、广大读者、作者长期以来的关注与支持,《电焊机》杂志将继续努力,进一步提高出版质量和办刊水平,不断增强影响力、传播力和竞争力,争创优秀精品期刊。
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：<正>近日,由中国学术期刊（光盘版）电子杂志社有限公司、中国科学文献计量评价研究中心编制出版的《中国学术期刊影响因子年报（2020版）》正式发布,《电焊机》杂志再次入选《中国学术期刊影响因子年报》统计源期刊,在此感谢行业专家、学者、广大读者、作者长期以来的关注与支持,《电焊机》杂志将继续努力,进一步提高出版质量和办刊水平,不断增强影响力、传播力和竞争力,争创优秀精品期刊。
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发布时间：2022-03-14 - 摘要：<正>随着数字时代的到来和新媒体的出现,数字阅读已成为一种新的生活方式,期刊的数字化发行已成为转型发展重要举措。为促进学术传播和交流,扩大期刊传播范围、提高影响力,推进学术资源的公益使用和开放共享,《电焊机》杂志积极与多家数字期刊发行平台合作,以数字化方式进行互联网和移动互联网的发行与传播,竭力为读者提供优质服务。欢迎搜索阅读!
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