摘要:Due to the characteristics of light weight and high strength,2 A12-T42 aluminum alloy has been used as the main materials of aircraft. Refill friction stir spot welding(RFSSW)as a novel solid phase connection technology,was carried out to investigate the joint,the appearance and microstructure were analyzed by SM and metallographic microscope respectively,the corrosion behaviour of RFSSW joint was investigated by immersion test,static weight loss test and polarization curve test. The experiment results show that the RFSSW joint has a good forming and defect-free on the surface,the metal microstructure and precipitate phase of joint is differentiated in different districts,the grains of SAZ and PAZ are small as the direct stir with the tool,the metal microstructure and precipitate phase of TMAZ is distributed in a certain direction,for the affection of heat input in HAZ,the microstructure grain grew and the precipitate phase coarsed and aggregated. Immersion test shows that the corrosion resistance of 2 A12-T42 RFSSW joint is differentiated in different districts,the corrosion resistance of HAZ is the lowest,and the pitting corrosion is developed firstly,the corrosion resistance of SAZ is the highest. The corrosion resistance of RFSSW joint is lower than that of base metal. The polarization curve test shows that the sequence of the corrosion resistance in each district from high to low was SAZ,PAZ,BM,HAZ/TMAZ.
FAN TiANDi,JING Xuwen,XIAO Zhijian,LI Lei,XU Jianxin
Vol. 49, Issue 12, Pages: 8-13(2019)
摘要:In order to solve the problems of the lack of effective management and reusability of ship welding procedure knowledge,a method based on ontology for ship welding procedure knowledge graph is proposed. Firstly,based on the ship welding procedure content,the ship welding procedure knowledge is condensed,the welding procedure knowledge ontology is established,and the semantic relationship extraction between entities and concepts is completed based on the third-order tensor triplet method. Secondly,the welding procedure knowledge graph is constructed according to the acquired entity and its semantic relationship,and a graph mechanism between ontology and knowledge graph is established;Finally,in order to avoid the repeated storage of the common attributes of the concept,the welding procedure knowledge is stored by considering the hierarchical table structure model. On this basis,the ship welding procedure knowledge management system is designed and developed,and the knowledge graph is used to realize the expression and semantic retrieval of the welding process knowledge,and the rationality of the ship welding procedure knowledge graph construction method is verified.
LI Shudong,JIN Wentao,SONG Leilei,ZHAN Xiaohong,ZHAO Wenyong,ZHANG Yulian,WEI Yanhong
Vol. 49, Issue 12, Pages: 14-21(2019)
摘要:In the aluminum alloy body of rail vehicle,the floor is a typical welded structure of aluminum alloy profiles. And after welding,it is prone to occur large residual stress and welding deformation,such as bulging and twisting,which increases the difficulty of assembly of various components,and reduces the bearing capacity of the floor. In this paper,a thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model based on the thermal-elastoplastic method is established and calculated to gain the postweld residual stresses and the distribution of welding deformations of floor structure. And the simulated residual stresses are compared with experimental results,which shows a good agreement. Finally,the simulations of different welding sequence of floor structure are compared and analyzed,and the welding scheme with the minimum welding deformation or residual stress is obtained,which provides a guidance for the welding practice.
关键词:thermal-elastoplastic method;floor structure;stress and deformation;process optimization
LUO Hongjian,LI Zhenggang,ZHANG Jie,WU Zhongye,ZHAO Zhoufeng,ZHOU Yutong,ZHAO Lijun
Vol. 49, Issue 12, Pages: 22-28(2019)
摘要:The normal operation of bellows in GIS equipment is related to the safety and stability of the substations. The bellows and welds where occurs leakage in GIS equipment of a 750 kV substation are analyzed through macro-inspection,fracture analysis,micro-morphology analysis and chemical composition analysis. And the stress distribution of defective bellows was calculated by finite element method,and the failure reasons of bellows with leakage were analyzed. The results show that stress corrosion is the main reason of leakage and perforation of bellows. Meanwhile,the strength of the joint of bellows decreases due to welding defects,resulting in local crack of the weld and leakage. Therefore,in the production process of bellows,it is necessary to improve the welding procedure and strengthen the non-destructive testing of welding product quality,so as to prevent the introduction of pollutants and effectively avoid bellows failure.
关键词:bellow;welding defects;failure;stress corrosion;finite element method
摘要:The inner surface of core make-up tank(CMT)in nuclear island shall be overlaid with stainless steel for which the first layer is EQ309 L and the corrosion resistant layer is EQ308 L. According to the design requirements,the first layer of EQ309 L shall meet the ferrite content of 3~20 FN. However,it is found that no SAW parameters can meet the content. The treatment of the first layer ferrite which can not meet the design requirements and subsequent design suggestions according to engineering practice are given.
关键词:AP1000;main equipment in nuclear island;stainless steel cladding;first layer;ferrite content
摘要:For narrow gap welding,precise weld deviation information is needed to ensure the problem of welding gun alignment.A magnetic tracking arc-laser sensor combined weld seam tracking system is designed.The front laser vision sensor scans the weld center and adopts the shape.The extraction algorithm and the correlation filter based on Kernel algorithm can obtain the coordinates of the weld feature points.The Lagrange interpolation method is used to fit the approximate curve of the weld trajectory.The threshold threshold is set in two cases.The adaptive weighted fusion method performs information fusion,which makes the acquired weld deviation information more accurate,and finally ensures the centering of the welding torch and the good sidewall fusion.
摘要:In order to solve the difficult problem of an intersection-line Underlining of two pipe crossing in the engineering field,A device of realize the synchronous underlining function of branch pipeline intersection-line and main pipeline intersection hole is developed. Specifically,it is a device to realize the function of fast and synchronous marking of branch pipe intersecting line and main pipe intersecting hole by manual operation and using profiling principle. The device has the characteristics of high accuracy of underlining,easy operation,low manufacturing cost,strong universality and reusable. It is suitable for marking intersecting lines and intersecting holes of small and medium-sized intersecting pipelines before welding in the field of production,small batch and field construction. At the same time,It also provides a new way of thinking for the research of pipe intersection synchronization underlining,low-cost automatic cutting and welding,which has certain practical reference value.
摘要:The construction of jointless track and rail repair need a higher efficiency and better quality solution. At present,flash butt welding,gas pressure welding,thermite welding and arc welding are the main solutions,but there are some limitations in the use environment and joint quality. This paper introduces the application of the automatic welding system of narrow gap gas protection in rail welding,and verifies the feasibility of the welding method of narrow gap gas protection in the early stage. The automatic welding system of narrow gap gas protection is composed of the small robot of FANUC company and the welding power supply of Shandong Aotai company. It is welded with the welding method in a specific swing way,the welding seam is well formed,and the internal fusion is in good condition. However,due to the short test rails,the rails deformed severely during welding,and certain anti-deformation measures have been taken. This method has great application prospect and should be further studied and popularized.
摘要:The welding technology and equipment of MIG/MAG and TIG,which are widely applied,have been modified with high efficiency by composite/hybrid welding. It is beneficial to realize high quality and high efficiency welding with low cost,high quality,high depositing rate and high welding speed,and is of great significance to improve the manufacturing efficiency of welding technology. In recent years,MIG/MAG,TIG and other arc welding technologies and equipment with high efficiency have been introduced at home and abroad. In this paper,the principle and application of high efficiency welding technology of double arc pool,such as double wire MIG/MAG welding,double MIG/MAG double-sided welding,double TIG composite welding and TIG-MIG composite welding are summarized. Finally,the new technology of MAG-TIG double arc heat source composite high-efficiency root welding is introduced emphatically.
摘要:In the manufacturing process of TIG welding augmented material,the reciprocating heating of arc not only changes the forming quality,microstructure and properties of augmented material components,but also has a great influence on the radiation intensity and temperature of arc plasma. In this paper,316 L stainless steel welding wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm was deposited in a single channel and multi-layer to study the arc physical characteristics of augmented 316 L stainless steel TIG welding. According to the characteristics of arc augmentation forming system,an optical acquisition test system for TIG welding augmentation arc was established to obtain the spectral information and arc image of augmentation arc. The arc temperatures of different layers were calculated by relative strength method. The unstable phenomena of the first four layers were analyzed. The influence of the number of additional layers on arc shape and arc temperature was obtained. It is helpful to understand the mechanism of TIG welding arc influence on augmentation forming and lay a foundation for the realization of automatic quality control in arc augmentation manufacturing process.
摘要:A certain type of aircraft is inspected during use,it is found that exhaust valve motor fixed bearing has suspected crack. After the cleaning,the dye penetrant inspection finds penetrative cracks. The bearing material grade is АЛ34(domestically produced grade is ZL116),the heat treatment requirement is σb≥294 MPa,and the surface treatment requirements are anodizing sulfuric acid and dichromate filling/priming. The bearing is above the engine compartment and is subject to relatively large vibrations. Through the observation of the fault bearing appearance,stereo inspection,microscopic observation,energy spectrum analysis,metallographic examination,hardness test and other tests,it is concluded that the bearing has fatigue crack,and the main cause of fatigue is stress concentration. Due to the existence of welding defects,the cracks expand rapidly,which is the direct cause of the formation of fatigue cracks.According to the analysis results,a effective method is given to improve the fatigue resistance of the bearing parts and avoid the recurrence of faults. And prevention advice is also put forward.
关键词:fatigue;welding;tensile stress;pore;lack of fusion
LIU Lifeng,XING Yanfeng,LIU Wenjie,WANG Ying,JIA Shenfeng
Vol. 49, Issue 12, Pages: 65-69(2019)
摘要:The CMT seam welding parameters of Q345 NQR2 weathering steel sheet are optimized by three-level five-factor interactive orthogonal experiments. Ten typical positions of 18 groups of experiments were scanned by a three-dimensional scanner,and the optimal welding parameters were obtained by deformation analysis. The effects of welding factors and interaction effects on deformation were analyzed by visual range and variance analysis method. The result shows that the welding gap and the interaction between wire feed rate and welding speed are the key factors affecting CMT seam welding deformation of Q345 NQR2 weathering steel sheets. The welding deformation of Q345 NQR2 weathering steel sheets can be effectively controlled by adjusting wire feed rate,welding speed and welding gap.
摘要:In order to optimize the friction welding parameters of X100 pipeline steel, the tensile strength and hardness of the friction welded joint are taken as the evaluation indexes,through the orthogonal test,the influence of the welding parameters such as the friction speed,friction pressure,upsetting pressure and axial shortening on the performance of the welded joint are studied,and the welding parameters for high quality welded joints are obtained. The results show that The influence of each welding parameter on the performance of the X100 friction welded joint in descending order is:friction pressure,friction speed,upsetting pressure and axial shortening. Taking the strength and hardness of the joint as the index,the optimum welding parameters is: friction speed of 1 000 r/min,friction pressure of 170 MPa,upset pressure of 255 MPa,axial shortening of 7 mm. Through the verification test of the optimal welding parameters,the tensile properties obtained exceed the tensile test results before optimization,and the consistency between the test results and the range analysis results is verified.
摘要:Contact reaction brazing of silver and 07 Cr16 Ni6 high-strength stainless steel with Cu as the interlayer was carried out in this paper,and the properties and microstructure of brazing joints were tested and analyzed. The results show that,with the increase of interlayer thickness,the diffusion depth of Cu to the silver matrix increases,and the strength of brazed joint first increases and then decreases. When the thickness of the intermediate layer is 20~30 μm,the silver is reliably connected to the high-strength stainless steel,with full brazing angles,tight joints,and the shear strength is up to 131 MPa.
摘要:At present,the replacement and maintenance of CRDM in in-service unit of PWR nuclear power plant in China,is mainly monopolized by AREVA,and no company has the capability to replace CRDM in in-service unit of PWR nuclear power plant.Therefore,the development of a complete progress of in-service unit replacement for CRDM is of great significance. This paper mainly introduces the automatic welding operation essentials and technical parameters of the lower sealing welds involved in the replacement of the CRDM in the PWR reactor unit in service. According to the process of stand-by test,the proper operation parameters are given,which can provide the reference for the following replacement of the CRDM in the PWR reactor unit in service.
摘要:The effects of different cryogenic treatments on the microstructure and properties of dissimilar repair welding joint of WE43 A magnesium alloy by TIG welding are studied. The results show that comparing with the as-welded,as the deep cryogenic time extends,after the deep cryogenic treatment,the grains of the dissimilar welded joints of WE43 A magnesium alloy are gradually refined and the second phase precipitates from the matrix and the grain boundary,and the microhardness of WE43 A magnesium alloy TIG welding repair joint increases,its corrosion resistance improves,the grain refinement rate can reach 54.4%,and the microhardness of weld metal zone increases by 25.3%. In general,the-100 ℃× 8 h deep cryogenic process is the best.
摘要:The robot MAG welding method is used for flat welding test,and the influence of the important welding parameters on the appearance of weld in the rapid metal forming process of robot MAG welding is studied. By single factor test method,the influence of welding current,welding voltage,welding speed and wire extension on the appearance of weld are tested respectively,and the influence rules of different welding parameters on weld geometry dimension(weld width,reinforcement and penetration) are obtained. The experimental results show that welding current,welding voltage and welding speed have significant influence on the weld geometric dimension,while wire extension has little influence on the weld geometric dimension. The weld geometric dimension can be adjusted slightly by changing the welding parameters.
关键词:robot MAG welding;welding parameters;appearance of weld
摘要:The microstructure and impact properties of Q345 E low alloy steel in the superheated zone under different welding heat input were studied by welding thermal simulation technology. The results indicate that with the increase of welding heat input,the microstructure of the superheated zone is gradually transformed from pro-eutectoid ferrite+pearlite and part of martensite into granular bainite and acicular ferrite structure. When the welding heat input is 3.06 kJ/mm,a small amount of Wei’s tissue appears,with the lowest impact energy. As the weld heat input increases,the average hardness value of the coarse grain zone gradually decreases. When the welding heat input is 1.35 J/mm,there is a small amount of lath martensite in the microstructure,and the hardness is the largest. When the welding heat input reaches 2.68 kJ/mm,acicular ferrite appears in the microstructure at this time,and the hardness decreases more obviously. The overall impact energy is gradually decreasing. When the welding heat input is 2.68 kJ/mm,the microstructure was acicular ferrite and the impact energy is the largest.
摘要:The welding quality of bogie products is pretty high,and the welding defect exceeding the standard,especially crack,is not allowed in any welding quality grade. Some crack develops immediately after welding, others comes out after a period of time after welding. Therefore,effective method should be taken to inhibit the generation of crack when formulating the welding process of the bogie welding parts,and preheating is the most effective way to prevent cold cracks. This paper takes a typical welded joint of bogie frame as an example and introduces how to determine the preheating temperature.
关键词:bogie welding;cold crack;preheating temperature
CHAI Yucheng,YAN Jinhu,YANG Zhanjun,ZHENG Zhunbei,ZHANG Jun
Vol. 49, Issue 12, Pages: 104-106(2019)
摘要:ZG15 Cr2 Mo1 is the common material used for large castings in thermal power plants. The welding repair technology of ZG15 Cr2 Mo1 main steam combined regulating valve in the thermal power plant is introduced,including the removal of defects,welding preparation,heat treatment procedure,welding technology and inspection. The main steam combined regulating valve is repaired by manual metal arc welding with ENi Cr Fe-2 electrode,single U groove and preheating temperature of 100 ℃~150 ℃. To get a good result,the manual metal arc welding with low current is used for the backing weld,and the multi-layer and multi-pass welding is also used for continuous welding. After welding,the penetration test and hardness test are carried out,no effect is found,and the hardness test results also meet the standard requirements,the results show that the technology can repair the large castings of ZG15 Cr2 Mo1 in thermal power plants.
关键词:thermal power plant;main steam combined regulating valve;crack;repair
摘要:In this paper,a large four-roller plate bending machine is used to roll a batch of shells with same material different sizes and same size different materials for two groups of research objects. Data of the thick-shell rolling length variation in the rolling process are collected and analyzed. It is concluded that the plasticity of materials and the shell sizes are the main reasons for the rolling length variation. For the different materials,better plasticity means easier roll long,more deviation and greater impact on the shell forming accuracy. For the same material,larger thickness and smaller diameter mean greater pressure on the shell in the rolling process,more plastic deformation and greater impact on the shell forming accuracy. Through this experimental study,we summarize the experience for optimizing the rolling process,controlling the change of rolling length,and improving the thick-shell forming accuracy.
LIU Songshan,WANG Zhihong,ZHAO Jinzhong,ZHONG Pinxiang,CHEN Meng
Vol. 49, Issue 12, Pages: 112-113(2019)
摘要:A certain transformer support is made of Q235 B steel tube. In order to achieve the requirements of preventing eddy current phenomenon and special performance,it is necessary to use red copper for filling and welding. The welding of steel and copper is difficult,welded joint is prone to hot crack and porosity defect. By analyzing their weldabilities and welding process problems,it is decided to adopt the manual tungsten argon arc welding(GTAW). By making a reasonable welding procedure,including the controls of welding materials control,welding procedure measures,welding parameters,welding operations,the welded joint obtained meets the requirements of quality and design.
摘要:One side welding both sides forming technology of butt welding in the overhead position with shielded metal arc welding(SMAW) is summarized. The preparation before welding,selection of electrode,the operating points during the welding of backing layer,filling layer and covering layer are also introduced in detail, so as to control the appearance of weld,improve the welding quality,and provide reference for the follow-up production work and the training of backup technical personnel.
关键词:SMAW;butt welding in the overhead position;one side welding both sides forming
摘要:Inspired by the era background of "mass entrepreneurship,mass innovation" and the current thought of "new subject" talent training,the teaching content,teaching methods and teaching evaluation system of virtual simulation welding experiment are emphatically constructed,and a welding virtual simulation platform with "complete system,rigorous science,vivid image,educational and fun,virtual and real,open sharing" is established,and a new model of student-centered,results-oriented education and multi-disciplinary cross-personalization is formed,the establishment of new subject paradigm is gradually explored,and the training objectives of diversified and innovative outstanding engineering talents are achieved under the new situation.