The surface radian,surface roughness and surface adhesive materials will affect the detection errors of residual stress of the components when the vehicles were under ultrasonic wave residual stress detection,then the detection results will affect the residual stress distribution and peak value greatly. This paper is focused on the research of the effect of surface radian,surface roughness and surface adhesive materials of A7 N01 aluminum alloys. The results showed that the arc probes should be adopted when the surface was in the circular arc transition. The abrasive papers should be used to polish the sandblasted surface and it would promote the detection precision but the detection results would be affected if the surface was in excessive polished and formed additive stress layer and destroyed the surface. The painting coating could be detection directly and the painting layer did not affect the first critical incident angle greatly but affect the t,0, greatly. So the t,0, must be amended.