最新刊期
      期 12 ， 2022

        Important Issuse

      • DONG Jinfang,TANG Dayun,WU Di,ZHANG Peilei,YU Zhishui,XU Yanling
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 1-16(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.01
        摘要：Laser vision seam tracking system has become an indispensable key technical equipment for robot welding. Due to the inherent strong noise conditions such as spatter, narrow gap and strong arc light in welding processing, it brings great challenges to the stability and accuracy of laser vision seam tracking system. This paper compares the differences between traditional and emerging algorithms in the three key links of weld seam tracking system: image preprocessing, centerline extraction of weld line structured light stripe and feature point extraction, and summarizes the detection accuracy, real-time performance and applicable scenarios of various image processing algorithms. Finally, the future development direction of laser welding seam tracking technology in the field of welding is prospected.  
        关键词：strong noise;robotic welding;laser visual sensor;welding seam tracking;image preprocessing   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • HUANG Yong,XU Hang
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 17-27(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.02
        摘要：For the AC PPCA-TIG welding (Powder Pool Coupled Activating TIG Welding) of aluminum alloys, the transition behavior of the active flux SiO2 on the surface of the molten pool is studied, which is of great significance for the development of active welding and the development of active fluxes. In this paper, by comparing the weld surface formation, spot behavior and high temperature resistance of PPCA-TIG welding and TIG welding, it is found that the transition of SiO2 leads to arc shrinkage, and the increase in the number of cathode spots of PPCA-TIG welding in EN period is an important reason for poor weld surface formation; during EP period, the high-temperature resistance of SiO2 forces the arc to shrink and reduces the conductive area, which is the main reason for the increase of melting depth. Combined with the composition, phase distribution and thermal analysis results of the high-temperature molten pool obtained by rapid cooling method, it is found that SiO2 does not directly participate in the metallurgical reaction of the molten pool, and SiO2 does not go deep into the molten pool after transitioning to the surface of the molten pool. Finally, a transition model of SiO2 on the surface of the molten pool in AC PPCA-TIG welding of aluminum alloy is established.  
        关键词：aluminum alloy;arc;powder pool coupled activating TIG welding;active flux;transition behavior   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • TANG Chong,DAI Hong,XIE Hang
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 28-35(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.03
        摘要：The application of bainite rail is restricted due to its weldability. In order to adapt to the application and development trend of bainite rail in track laying and maintenance engineering, the weldability of dissimilar steel welding between bainite rail and pearlite rail is studied by pneumatic welding method.The microstructure morphology, element diffusion law and mechanical properties of the weld interface were investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), impact and tensile tests. The results show that the weld interface metal of dissimilar steel welded joints of bainite rail and pearlite rail can form common grains in solid state, which can achieve good metallurgical bonding, and the bonding degree of rail foot is poor compared with other parts. U20Mn WZ (U20Mn side weld) area is mainly composed of martensite (66.2%) and bainite ferrite (33.8%), and the highest hardness value is 500 HB; the impact toughness of the joint is 4.1 J; the tensile strength is 961 MPa ,and the elongation is 8%.  
        关键词：gas pressure welding;welding of U20Mn / U95Cr dissimilar steel;microstructure;mechanical property   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • YANG Zeyuan,YAN Zhifeng,WANG Shubang,HAN Mingzhu,ZHANG Hongxia
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 36-42(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.04
        摘要：ASTM A572 Gr65 steel welded structure is often subjected to dynamic loads, and the joints are prone to fatigue failure. Based on the analysis of the mechanical properties of MAG welded joint of ASTM A572 Gr65 steel, the fatigue properties of the welded joint were evaluated by infrared thermography. The results show that the metallographic structure of the weld zone is mainly acicular ferrite, and its hardness is 197~203 HV0.5；the yield strength of welded joints is 350 MPa; the surface temperature of welded joints of ASTM A572 Gr65 steel changes regularly under static load and cyclic load. The deformation law under cyclic load corresponds to the temperature evolution during fatigue. The infrared temperature information on the surface of the specimen during fatigue is evaluated. The fatigue limit is 234.18 MPa, and the error is 5.04% compared with the result of 246.6 MPa obtained from the S-N curve of fatigue test; the fatigue fracture occurs in the weld zone, and the fatigue crack source is located in the interior of the sample, in the shape of "fish eye".  
        关键词：ASTM A572 Gr65 steel;MAG welding;infrared thermography;S-N curve;fatigue limit assessment   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • ZHANG Zijian,LV Zhongjie,SHEN Zhengxiang,CHAI Junhui,WU Jiaxi
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 43-50(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.05
        摘要：In the process of design and manufacturing of pressure equipment, due to the particularity of structure and the influence of on-site welding conditions, butt welds will have special structures such as staggered edge, unequal thickness single side trimming, thick wall inner surface double side trimming and so on. The phased array CIVA simulation is carried out for these three kinds of special weld structures, focusing on the sound field coverage and detection technology, and the field detection application is carried out, and the waveform characteristics of the three kinds of special weld structures are summarized. The results show that the three types of special weld structures will produce obvious structural echo in phased array detection. The on-site detection needs to make a comprehensive judgment in combination with the macro inspection results of the weld and the weld groove size drawing, eliminate the interference of structural echo, and realize no omission and misjudgment in phased array detection.This study provides technical support for quick judgment on site,and has certain reference value for nondestructive testing of pressure equipment.  
        关键词：ultrasonic phased array;structural reflection;CIVA simulation;nondestructive testing   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18

        Welding Material

      • CHEN Kun,SONG Yiyang,LU Lili,LI Chaowei
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 51-61(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.06
        摘要：In order to verify the influence of welding materials of different systems (American standard and Russian standard) on the fatigue properties of maintenance welds of composite steel pipe in typical nuclear power plant, typical maintenance samples of composite steel pipe are prepared by using process parameters evaluated by welding process and welding materials of different systems (American standard and Russian standard), the funnel-shaped fatigue samples meeting the design requirements are taken out from the deposited zone and heat affected zone of the maintenance weld, and the fatigue pro-perties are tested at room temperature and analyzed. The results show that the low cycle fatigue properties of deposited zone and heat affected zone of different welding materials (American standard and Russian standard) are very close; The fatigue properties of the deposited zone repaired by the same welding material is obviously better than that of the heat affected zone.  
        关键词：composite steel pipe;deposition zone;heat affected zone;fatigue properties   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18

        Welding Technology

      • ZHANG Wan'en,ZHOU Xiru,QIN Qingbin,HAN Xiaohui,WU Shengchuan
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 62-69(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.07
        摘要：As one of the key technologies of modern rail transit equipment health management system, repair and remanufacturing is of great significance to improve the reliability and economy of high-speed vehicle operation. Welding repair is the most common and most applicable repair scheme for large welded components in high-speed trains. In this study, the weld defects of A7N01 aluminum alloy commonly used in high-speed trains were repaired by hybrid laser-MIG welding, and the weld was nondestructive tested through the relevant weld nondestructive acceptance standard. In addition, more in-depth integrity evaluation of the repair scheme was carried out through mechanical property and fatigue property tests. The results show that the weld was changed from the original unqualified to the acceptance level 1 standard through repairing. The hardness together with yield and ultimate strength of the joints after repair was significantly reduced, but the young modulus and elongation are increased by 10.4% and 153.6%, respectively, and the fatigue strength was increased by 33.8%, which provides theoretical and data support for the repair of damaged structures of high-speed railway trains.  
        关键词：high speed train;defects repair;hybrid laser-MIG welding;X-ray inspection;fatigue performance   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • WANG Pengbo,ZHANG Yongqiang,CAI Ning,YU Yang,CHEN Weixuan,LI Xuetao
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 70-76(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.08
        摘要：Two kinds of current waveform welders with power frequency and intermediate frequency were used to carry out resistance spot welding on CP780 multiphase steel. By adjusting welding current, welding time and electrode pressure, the influence of current waveform welder and welding process parameters on joint performance was studied. The results show that the maximum shear force of spot welded joint increases with the increase of welding current and welding time, and decreases with the increase of welding pressure. Under the same process parameters, the solder joint size obtained by the intermediate frequency welder is larger than that of the power frequency welder, and the solder joint shear force is always higher than that of the power frequency welder. The spot welding joint is composed of core zone, heat affected zone and base metal zone. The core zone is a thick strip martensite. The hardness of the core zone and heat affected zone of the spot welding joint is lower than that of the industrial frequency welding machine. The optimal welding process parameters are intermediate frequency welding machine, welding current 10 kA, welding time 400 ms, electrode pressure 5 kN, shear force up to 28 245 N, which provides a reference for CP780 high-strength steel welding process parameters and welding machine selection.  
        关键词：power frequency welding machine;intermediate frequency welding machine;resistance spot welding;mechanical properties   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • LI Sha,YUAN Ye,ZHONG Duojun
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 77-84(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.09
        摘要：The bottom nozzle of CF3 advanced PWR fuel assembly is a creative space curved structure, which needs to be assembled and brazed by the vacuum brazing technology. According to the characteristics of 304L stainless steel base metal and BNi-7 filler metal, the brazing process curve was determined. Then the effect of brazing cycles on the impact properties, room temperature and high temperature tensile strength of the base metal, as well as the shear strength and microstructure of the brazed joints were tested and analyzed. The results show that even after four-stage brazing cycles, the mechanical properties and microstructure of the base metal and brazed joints are not significantly adversely affected. In order to improve production efficiency and reduce energy consumption, it is recommended to use two-stage brazing cycles assembly, plus the optional third brazing cycle repair brazing process. And also, through adjusting the joint clearance, improving the structure of the bottom nozzle, the machining process of the guiding tube hole, and the structure of the double blade, the defects such as flow channel blockage, lack of filler metal, and so on, are avoided. Eventually, the product yield is increased and production efficiency are raised.  
        关键词：CF3 PWR;fuel assembly;mechanical property;microstructure;brazing cycle;defects control   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • HE Shanshan,QIAN Qiang
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 85-90(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.10
        摘要：For the typical low-alloy high-strength steel materials that can be welded at home and abroad, there is a tendency to produce cold cracks during welding, with the increase of strength and plate thickness. Proper preheating treatment before welding is an important measure to prevent cold cracks. ISO/TR 17671-2 gives guidance and suggestions on the preparation of welding procedures for low-alloy high-strength steels. The welding preheating temperature can be easily and quickly determined by the empirical formula. The low-alloy high-strength steel with yield strength of 690 MPa is taken as an example in the paper, the welding preheating temperature is estimated using the method described in ISO / TR 17671-2. Compared with the preheating temperature determined by the welding process test, the preheating temperature value is basically consistent.The manufacturer can determine whether to use this empirical formula to determine the welding preheating temperature of low-alloy high-strength steel according to the actual condition.  
        关键词：ISO/TR 17671-2;low-alloy high-strength steel;cold crack;preheat;empirical formula   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • JIANG Yinsong,YE Weilin,JIN Shaolong,SHAO Zhengui,GAO Meng,FU Jing
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 91-95(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.11
        摘要：Vacuum electron beam welding and friction stir welding were used to weld 2 mm thick 2A43 aluminum alloy plate, and the microstucture and mechanical properties of joints of different welding methods were compared and analyzed. The results show that the mechanical properties of welded joints obtained by these two welding methods are both good, and the tensile strength of friction stir welded joints is more than 90% of the base metal, the tensile strength of vacuum electron beam welded joints is more than 80% of the base metal, the friction stir welding is superior to electron beam welding. The optimal electron beam welding parameters are as follows:voltage 60 kV,focusing current 270 mA,welding speed 45 mm/min,welding beam 11 mA; the optimal friction stir welding parameters are as follows:stirring head speed 1 300 r/min,welding speed 251 mm/min,welding inclination 4°, shaf shoulder pressure 0.5 mm. Through comparison, it is found that welding thermal cycle changes the microstructure of the joint, and the redistribution of strengthening phase particles is an important reason for the change of mechanical properties of the joint.  
        关键词：electron beam welding;friction stir welding;2A43 high strength aluminum alloy;welding performance   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • YI Rigui,ZHANG Yongqiang,LI Xuetao,FU Can
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 96-102(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.12
        摘要：Self-piercing riveting (SPR) technology has been widely used in the connection of steel sheets and aluminum alloy sheets of a variety of material car bodies. And self-piercing riveting simulation technology is an important means to study self-piercing riveting technology. Based on SORPAS software, This paper studies the self-piercing riveting process of five-series aluminum alloy 5754 and dual-phase steel by simulation. Upper aluminum sheet and lower steel sheet is used for the lapping combination. With the increase of the strength of dual-phase steel, the variation of riveting results and the formation process and the tensile shear process of the rivet joints are analyzed. The simulation results show that as the strength of dual-phase steel increases (DP450, DP600, DP800), the interlock value of the riveted joint decreases and the bottom minimum thickness increases. Considering its tensile properties, the performance of the riveted joint of DP600 is the best.  
        关键词：self piercing riveting;5754 aluminum alloy;dual-phase steel;numerical simulation   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • FAN Junqi,LIU Wanli,WANG Jie
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 103-107(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.13
        摘要：In order to eliminate the adverse effects of tack welds on the welding quality and improve the welding quality of U-rib fillet welds, a special equipment integrating assembly and welding has been developed, and the welding tests of U-rib inner fillet welds have been carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of gas shielded welding and submerged arc welding for U-rib inner side have been compared and analyzed, and the problems of unsmooth flux blanking and poor weld formation for submerged arc welding have been emphatically solved. The full penetration welding process of U-ribbed plate element without tack welding is formulated, and its feasibility is verified by welding test of full size plate element. The results show that the full penetration welding of U-rib fillet weld without tack welding can be realized by using the special equipment developed and the welding process determined by the test, and the weld quality meets the requirements of relevant standards; it is necessary to control the size deviation of U rib pressing to realize positioning free assembly welding.  
        关键词：U-rib;assembly;no tack welding;submerged arc weld;full penetration   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18

        Welding Equipment

      • ZHANG Lei,WANG Bojian,LIU Manyu,BAI Debin,FU Ao,ZHANG Qing
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 108-113(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.14
        摘要：In order to record the whole information of narrow gap submerged arc welding process, an information management system for this welding process is developed. The system is composed of touch screen, industrial computer, PLC control system, various information acquisition devices, switches, etc. Through the software system built in the industrial computer, the welding process execution information, welding equipment operation information, energy and material consumption information during narrow gap submerged arc welding are collected, stored and analyzed. The functions of tracing the root of the narrow gap submerged arc welding process, remotely releasing the process parameters, drawing the curves of real-time and historical process parameters, and displaying real-time and historical alarm information are realized, which helps to improve the lean management of the workshop and the informatization level of welding equipment. The system can meet the requirements of design and use, and its measurement results good and the error is less than 1%. It has good technical and engineering application value for welding quality management.  
        关键词：narrow gap submerged arc welding;record statistics;information management system;welding process;traceability   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • YE Pan,WU Yan,LU Huafeng
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 114-121(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.15
        摘要：The traditional laser wire-filled brazing process with single laser beam as welding heat source is difficult to meet the requirements of higher processing speed. The development of a new high-speed laser wire-filled brazing system based on robot network is of guiding significance for finding a new breakthrough in laser processing. In this paper, the function characteristics and key application methods of high speed laser wire-filled brazing components are described. The signal interaction and safety control of laser generator, wire feeder and vision sensor equipment are carried out by means of robot DeviceNet fieldbus and necessary safety signals. The welding parameters and welding process can be completely controlled by user program. At the same time, combined with the weld morphology and mechanical characteristics obtained in the actual production, it shows that the high speed laser wire filling brazing process based on the dual-beam laser heat source can obtain higher strength weld and significantly improve the structural performance of the car body.  
        关键词：industrial robot;robot network;DeviceNet fieldbus;laser wire-filled brazing;laser welding system;car body   
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        发布时间：2023-01-18
      • JIAO Jinming,YUE Juan,LV Chunjie,GAO Ying
        Vol. 52, Issue 12, Pages: 122-127(2022) DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.12.16
        摘要：The assembly and welding of the tension plates for the steel structure skin of the locomotive body is a key process in the manufacture of the locomotive body, and the assembly and welding quality directly affects the appearance forming and final assembly quality of the locomotive body. At present, the vertical welding process of tension plate is generally manual welding with solid welding wire, with low welding production efficiency and unstable weld quality. In order to improve the weld quality, the flux-cored vertical welding system is developed, and the TME711V flux-cored wire with good dehydrogenation performance is developed. The welding wire adopts Mn-Si-Ni-Ti alloy system, which can improve the weld toughness under the joint action of strong deoxidization and nitrogen fixation elements such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium. The contrast test between manual solid welding wire and automatic flux cored wire is carried out on the body of HXD2 freight electric locomotive. The results show that the flux-cored wire can increase the welding current to 180 A (manual welding 130 A), the welding speed to 30 cm/min (manual welding 18 cm/min), and the weld shape is beautiful. The tensile strength of the weld increases by more than 10%, and the impact toughness increases by more than 20%.  
        关键词：locomotive body;vertical welding;TME711V;flux cored wire;high efficiency welding   
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