摘要:The microstructure and performance of welded joints is an important basis for judging the quality of joints. With reasonable welding parameters,joints with excellent microstructure and performance can be obtained. In this paper,a automatic downward filling cosmetic welding procedure with self-shielded flux-cored wire for X70 steel pipe φ1 016 mm×17.5 mm is studied.By analyzing the arc trajectory in the welding process,according to the four parameters of heat input q1 and q2,arc edge straight distance H1 and welding blind zone length H2,the welding parameters are set and three test schemes are developed. The welding procedure is evaluated by analyzing the microstructure of each area of the welded joint with SEM;the mechanical properties of the welded joint are analyzed through a series of mechanical performance tests such as tensile,three-sided grooved hammer break,side bending test and low temperature impact test. The results show that the appearance of weld can be well controlled by adjusting the heat input q,the arc edge straight distance H1 and the welding blind zone length H2. The matching of the welding parameters set up in the No.2 test case is more reasonable,and is suitable for this set of automatic welding equipment for the long-distance pipeline. By optimizing on the basis of this set of welding parameters,more optimal sets of welding parameter matching can be obtained and the universality and adaptability of this system and equipment are improved.
关键词:X70 pipeline steel;self-shielded flux-cored wire;automatic all-position welding;structure of welded joint;mechanicalproperty
摘要:The electromagnetic pulse welding technology was ad opted to complete the connection of 99.0Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu(SAC0307) and T2 Cu thin plates with different charging voltage of 13 kV,14 kV,15 kV under the condition that the air gap was 1.5 mm. The microstructure,tensile strength and micro-hardness of the welded joints were then studied.The results show that the critical charging voltage of succe-ssful SAC0307/Cu electromagnetic pulse welding is between13 kV and14 kV;when the charging voltage is kept at 15 kV,the welded joint obtained has the best performance,its tensile strength is 22.23 MPa,and the average micro-hardness at the interface is 41.04 HV.In addition,scanning electron micros-copy and X-ray spectroscopy analysis reveal that no intermetallic compounds are found in the welded joints.
关键词:electromagnetic pulse welding;dissimilar metal connection;interface;microstructure;mechanical property
摘要:The electron beam welding(EBW) joint of 10 mm thick titanium alloy TC4/Ti60 was studied by different heat treatment processes. The microstructure,microhardness and tensile properties of TC4/Ti60 joint after annealing and solution aging were compared and analyzed. The results show that after annealing,the microstructure and properties of TC4/Ti60 joint are similar to those of as welded joint;after solution aging,the microstructure of TC4/Ti60 joint is more uniform,the hardness and strength are slightly lower than that of annealed joint,but the plasticity is increased and the comprehensive properties are good.
摘要:To solve the problem of porosity in TC4 titanium alloys,the effect of remelting welding on the elimination of joints porosity was studied. Results showed that favorable formation can be obtained by different remelting current,and the results of X-ray inspections also showed that remelting welding can effectively reduce the number of pores.The larger the pore size was,the more significant the elimination effect was. Besides,increasing the current of remelting welding was beneficial to increase the porosity elimination rate. Tensile tests indicated that the tensile strength of R70 and R80 remelting welded joints were equivalent to the base metal,while the base metal area obtained the lowest hardness of the joints,which mainly related to the acicular martensiteα′ phase in the fusion zone. R90 joints got higher tensile strength but lower elongation,and generated massive primaryα M phase in the fusion zone,which made fusion zone the weak link of the whole joint.
摘要:In this paper,the welding technology,mechanics and chemistry of the new steel type SQ460 FRW with 28 mm thickness were studied on the basis of welding test,and the welding slope was improved. The differences between pure CO2 and hybrid gas under the protection of butt flat welding were compared. The process evaluation of flat welding,vertical welding,horizontal welding,vertical welding and cross welding of gas welding joints was carried out. Welding methods,such as simultaneous welding of double-sided double-arc single melting pool,high-speed pulse compression arc technology,and double-sided K-shaped slope 35° +4 mm gap,have been applied in the cross joints. Weld non-destructive testing,mechanical performance testing,macroscopic metallography,different temperature impact test,microscopic metallographic tissue observation and other test content are all qualified,can be used to guide the practical use of subsequent new steel species.
摘要:The underframe is the key bearing part of the body of EMU,and the rigidity and strength of its structure design have a great influence on the safe operation and performance of EMU. The strength of the underframe structure of the 250 km/h EMU is analyzed and studied by FEM ANSYS based on the analysis of whole car body. Under typical load,the local stress of stress concentrated parts of underframe(traction beam,etc.) is analyzed and optimized,and the static strength test is carried out on the end car body structure of 250 km/h EUM. Under various operating conditions and loads,the stress and synthetic stress of each stress measuring point and displacement of displacement measuring point are all less than the elastic limit of the material used,and the structure design of the underframe is reasonable.
关键词:EMU;underframe;finite element analysis;strength;structure design
摘要:The failure mechanism and causes of a low-carbon steel fuel pipe were investigated via fractography,metallographic examination and chemical analysis. The steel pipe and bracket are connected by copper brazing. The seg-regation and diffusion of copper atoms occur along the grain boundaries on the surface of fuel pipe due to a poorly controlled brazing temperature,which reduces its plasticity and strength;on the other hand,the poorly controlled postweld cooling rate leads Widmanstatten-ferrite to generate inside the steel pipe. In the platform test,the brazed zone is subjected to periodic loading processes of large cyclic stress. Due to the stress concentration effect at the mechanical damage on the weld surface,a fatigue crack source is generated under the local high stress condition and the initial crack extends towards the fuel pipe,which leads to a cracking failure at the early stage of its service life.
摘要:To study the effect of TZM(Mo-0.5Ti-0.1Zr)alloy interlayer on the electron beam welding characteristics of molybdenum-lanthanum-yttrium alloy,the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were analyzed. The results show that through crack occurred in directly electron beam welding joint of molybdenum lanthanum and yttrium alloy,but the effective welding of molybdenum-lanthanum-yttrium alloy is realized with TZM alloy interlayer. The addition of Zr element reduces the segregation of Mo Oxide at grain boundaries and improves the strength of grain boundary. The microhardness of the joint varies from region to region,the microhardness of the weld zone is equal to that of the base metal,which is 270 ~290 HV,and the HAZ has the lowest microhardness. The mechanical property of the electron beam welded joint of molybdenum-lanthanum-yttrium alloy with TZM alloy interlayer is improved significantly. Fracture occurres in the weld zone during tensile test with a brittle intergranular fracture mode.
摘要:Pitting is the popular failure mode of spot welding of stainless steel. The behavior of pitting could be evaluated through the eigenvalue named pitting potential,which has complicated nonlinear relations with the parameters of welding current,welding time and electrode force. The random forest is built through the specified data of the pitting behavior of stainless steel in the literature. Optimal number of decision trees are 1 000. The number of alternative variables in node is 2 by means of "five-fold cross validation". Then the parameter combination is utilized to predict the testing dataset. The results indicates that excepting a slightly higher predicted relative error of twenty-ninth sample(-14.81%),absolute value of relative error between the predicted result and the actual value of remaining samples are less than 10%,which is better than Neural Networks and support vector machine.
摘要:The corrosion of stainless steel car body parts is mainly intergranular corrosion,and the theory of chromium deficiency plays an important role in explaining the corrosion behavior of stainless steel. Combining with the composition of stainless steel and the relevant parameters in welding process,the influence of heat input on the corrosion performance of the welded joint in the narrow gap laser filler wire welding is studied. A corrosion test scheme for welded joint of stainless steel is designed,and based on the theory of chromium deficiency,its influence mechanism on the corrosion behavior of welded joints is discussed. In this paper,the 6 mm thick 301 L stainless steel plate is used as the base material and ER308L welding wire is used as the filler material. The corrosion behavior of the welded joints in narrow gap laser filler wire welding is studied when the heat input is 120 J/mm,150 J/mm and 180 J/mm,respectively. Electrochemical tests are carried out on the welded joints of narrow gap laser filler wire welding under three groups of different heat inputs. After immersion corrosion,three groups of samples are scanned by electron microscope,and the corrosion morphology is characterized and compared to conclude that the corrosion performance of the joint is best when the heat input is 150 J/mm.
摘要:During the rolling of ultra-thick composite plate,cracks are found in the cladding. Through the metallo-graphic test,it is determined that the crack source comes from the joining surface. Through the microscopic metallographic and hardness test of the joining surface,it is analyzed that the reason of the crack source on the joining surface of the com-posite plate and the cracks in cladding caused by crack sources during the rolling is mainly due to insufficient explosion parameter design of the composite plate,both the strength and toughness of the joining surface are low,and the times of leveling and pressure of ultra-thick during the leveling increase,which leads to large cracks and cavity defects in the cladding on the joining surface,and the defects relatively concentrate,and the cracks expand in multiple directions;in addition,the design of heat treatment parameters after explosive is insuffi-cient,which causes the hardness of the cladding on the joining surface is much higher than that of the base metal and the cladding.
摘要:Based on the cracking of 15CrMo steel water-cooled pipe wall of the boiler in a power plant,the transverse crack in the pipe is analyzed. By macroscopic observation,scanning electron microscope,energy spectrum analysis and infrared flaw detection,the results indicate that the cracks in the coarse grain part of welding heat affected zone are reheating cracks,the residual stress and compressive stress in the interior cause the cracks to expand further,at the same time,there is a thick oxide layer to the fire surface,and the matrix structure is seriously spherical,which reduce the mechanical properties. Corrosion cracking accelerates the occurrence of pipe wall bursting in high temperature flue gas environment.
摘要:In order to improve the accuracy of CAE simulation for vehicle crash safety,the microstructure and hardness distribution of the base metal zone,heat affected zone and nugget zone were characterized by various equipments including field emission scanning electron microscope and vickers hardness tester based on the resistance spot welding of HC340/590 dual phase steel sheets. LS-DYNA software was used to simulate the fracture characteristics of solder joints,and the results were compared with those of tensile testing machine. At the same time,the CrachFEM model material card was modified by the hardness difference in each area of the solder joint. The results show that after modifying the CrachFEM model material card,the simulation results are highly consistent with the experimental results,which can predict the failure characteristics of the solder joint position effectively.
摘要:According to the technical requirements of the product,the thickness of surfacing layer of ENiCrMo-3 grade nickel-based alloy shall be greater than or equal to 4.5 mm,the chemical compositions of the surfacing layer surface and 3.2 mm below the surfacing layer surface shall meet the ASME specification Ⅱ volume C. SFA-5.11 ENiCrMo-3,and qualified bending performance terms. The single-layer electroslag surfacing with band-electrode,which can increase the thickness of surfacing,is used to instead the double-layer electroslag surfacing with bandelectrode in the conventional procedure. The surfacing tests were carried out under two working conditions,on the flat plate and the inner wall of the cylinder. And the surfacing parameters were explored. The results show that the amount of uphill is parti-cularly important for the appearance of weld in addition to variables related to welding heat input. Comparing the welding parameters between surfacing on the plate and the inner wall of cylinder with internal diameter of 1 620 mm,the applicable welding parameters vary greatly under the two working condi-tions,when the thickness of single layer surfacing is greater than or equal to 4.5 mm,the applicable welding parameters of these two structures differ greatly,and the surfacing parameters of plate are not suitable for the surfacing of the inner wall of the cylinder.
关键词:single-layer electroslag surfacing;nickel-base alloy;thickness of surfacing
摘要:In order to explore the microstructure and property of welded joint of high strength alloy steel,the laser-arc hybrid weld-ing was used to weld BS960E high strength steel plate.Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure and fracture morphology. The results show that when adopting 90 G welding wire with diameter of 1.2 mm,the microstructure of welded joint is mainly composed of lath bainite,a small amount of marten-site and MA elements,and the microstructure of heat affected zone is mainly composed of lath martensite. The tensile strength of the welded joint is 1 117.13 MPa,and the elongation is 11.82%. The impact absorbing energy of the weld is 23 J,and the impact fracture mainly presents dimple shape. The impact absorbing energy of the heat affected zone is 14 J,and the impact fracture is mainly quasi cleavage fracture.
摘要:The development and application of automatic cutting and welding technology for the overall replacement of valve in the primary circuit under radioactive environment are introduced,and the radiation protection measures and radioactive dust treatment during the project implementation are discussed.The development and implementation of this overall replacement technology provides great support for adopting conservative maintenance strategies for important nuclear-level equipment in the primary circuit,and exploits the maintenance and replacement methods for important equipment of nuclear power unit.
关键词:automatic welding;automatic cutting;radiation protection;replacement of radioactive valves
摘要:The Ar+CO2 gas shielded welding method was used in the condition of non-preheating,and the low-alloy basic slag flux-cored wire was selected to weld Q620 steel under three heat inputs. The weldability and engineering usability of high strength and low alloy Q620 steel were studied by welding joint quality analysis,weld metal chemical composition analysis,microstructure observation and mechanical property test. The results show that Q620 steel has good weldability at room temperature,and the alloying elements in the weld zone are evenly distributed. When the welding heat input changes from low to high,the microstructure of the weld zone changes from ferrite +pearlite to bainite +martensite,and the strength and hardness of the weld zone decrease. With the increase of heat input,the impact fracture morphology of weld zone changes from ductile fracture to hybrid fracture mode of dimple and quasi-cleavage.
关键词:flux core gas shielded welding;Q620 steel;mechanicalproperty;weldstructure;weldability
摘要:The microstructure,mechanical properties and fatigue properties of the welded joints of 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy hollow profiles with welding grooves and surfaces sub-jected to three different grinding states are studied. The results show that the three grinding methods can obtain welded joints with good appearance. There is no significant difference in the microstructures of the weld,fusion zone and heat affected zone in the welded joints with three grinding states. The tensile properties of three kinds of welded joints are basically the same,the differences in the average tensile strength and average elongation after breaking are slight,and all three joints have good bending performance. The hardness distribution of three kinds of joints is similar. S-N curve fitting fatigue limit is the same,all are 89 MPa. Three different grinding methods before welding have little effect on the microstructure,mechanical properties and fatigue properties of the welded joints of 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy hollow profiles.
摘要:14CrlMoR steel has been widely used in ammonia synthesis tower,coke tower,hydrogenation reactor and other important equipments in petrochemical industry for its good heat resistance,oxidation resistance,hydrogen resis-tance,sulfur corrosion resistance and cheapness. The compo-sition and mechanical properties of 14CrlMoR steel are sum-marized. And the weldability,key points of welding procedure,hybrid welding,existing welding problems and solutions of 14CrlMoR steel are analyzed emphatically to indicate that it and stainless steel composite plate are materials with both thermal strength and high corrosion resistance,which provides theoretical reference for better application of 14CrlMoR steel.
关键词:14Cr1MoR steel;weldability;key points of welding procedure;chemical plant installation
摘要:In recent years,the use of galvanized steel plate has led to the increasingly prominent problem of welding spatter,which has seriously affected the welding quality of the body. This paper proposes a fast identification method of resistance spot welding spatter based on data statistics. By collecting the welding current and welding voltage in the process of spot welding,the dynamic resistance curve of the welding process is calculated,and the change process of the curve is analyzed by using the data statistics method to realize The method simplifies the spatter recognition algorithm and can be transplanted to MCU to realize the edge calculation of online spatter recognition.
摘要:Throug h using modern sensor technology and computer monitoring technology,a real-time monitoring system of electrical and mechanical signals was established to monitor welding current,voltage between electrodes,dynamic resistance and dynamic electrode force during resistance spot welding.According to the regularity of dynamic resistance and electrode force,characteristic values were extracted from these signals by correlation analysis. A welding quality prediction model was established by using multiple linear regression analysis. Preset welding current,preset electrode force,welding time,charac-teristic values extracted from dynamic resistance and dynamic electrode force were chosen as the input variables for the model,and nugget diameter was chosen as the output variable.The results showed that the established model could forecast nugget diameter accurately and the maximum deviation was no more than 0.4 mm.
关键词:resistance spot welding;monitoring system;nugget diameter;characteristic value;quality prediction model
摘要:Based on the welding procedure of butt downhand welding of double-sided asymmetric groove with arc welding robot,the influence of welding current and welding speed on welding quality is studied by experiment. The results show that for 20 mm asymmetric double groove,with the backing welding parameters of current of 170 A and welding speed of 0.25 m/min,the appearance of weld is good,the filling height is suitable,and the back weld root is well formed. When using pulse MAG welding with current of 245 A and welding speed of 0.25 m/min,the back weld root is completely pene-trated,no hardened structure appears in the heat affected zone,and the molten width of truncated edge increases from 3 mm for MAG welding to 5 mm for pulsed MAG welding. This solves the technical problem that the welding automation application is difficult to realize without back chipping in the hydropower hydraulic steel structure industry.
摘要:Some problems occurred in the construction process of the jacking method for a large-sized storage tank in a company. Due to hydraulic cylinders around the internal tank wall,the traditional automatic submerged arc transverse welding machine cannot be used for the girth welding of the internal tank wall,only semi-automatic welding can be used,which affecting the overall welding efficiency and quality. In addition,the traditional automatic submerged arc transverse welding machine is so high that the anti-wind ring and reinforcing ring of storage tank have to be installed at the height of 2.5~5 m to ensure the welding machine operation space,but the construction safety is poor. Moreover,because the welding track is fixed on the bottom of the tank,it is difficult to adjust the welding gun up and down with the manual handle mechanism. All above problems are solved by improving the construction of the automatic submerged arc transverse welding machine,the welding flux collecting and feeding system and electric regulating beam device,and the welding quality and installation efficiency of the storage tank are effectively improved.
摘要:In view of the double wire double arc welding process requirement,taking the characteristics and application of double wire double arc welding equipment of a company as an example,through the welding test,it is concluded that when the double wire double arc welding is used to weld the steel plate with the thickness of 20 mm or less,the groove and double-sided welding can be avoided,the direct current of the front welding wire can ensure the penetration,the alternating current of the back welding wire can ensure the deposition,and the good weld formation and welding quality can be obtained at a higher welding speed It is applicable to the welding of ordinary carbon steel and high-strength steel plate in medium and thick plates.
关键词:double wire double arc welding;high efficiency welding;medium and thick plate
摘要:This paper analyzes the typical welding technical problems in the design and construction process of VVER PWR nuclear power plant from China to Russia,and puts forward the process and measures to solve the problems of uncertain classification of materials supplied by Russia,materials supplied by China,materials and base metals from the third country,which cannot determine the welding process materials for evaluation. The process and measures for assessing problems,providing solutions and experience feedback for the treatment of defects in equipment and materials in the welding process in Russia,and suggestions for rectification of difficult construction techniques that lack welding processes and welding qualifications,and effectively implemented rectification methods can promote Sino-Russian technology conversion and the progress of project construction.
摘要:The inner wall of static bearing of an advanced high temperature liquid metal pump needs to be surfacing with large area of stellite alloy. Due to the high hardness and poor toughness of the stellite alloy,the preheating temperature is high,the cooling speed of molten pool is slow,and the continuous welding time is long. Therefore,the final surfacing layer is prone to crack,incomplete fusion,porosity and other problems. According to the existing pores in the surfacing layer,the possible causes were investigated one by one,and the main reason is finally determined to be moisture. According to the powder drying test and surfacing test before and after drying,the welding defects were reappeared. It is stipulated that the welding powder must be dried at 250 ℃×2 h before surfacing to avoid the porosities.
摘要:Welding materials are often used in the manufacturing process of nuclear power equipment,and also the weak link of nuclear power quality management. With the introduction of the third generation of passive nuclear power technology,ASME(American Society of Mechanical Engineers)code is gradually widely used in the design and manufacture of nuclear power equipment in China,and the use of ASME Code welding materials is increasingly widespread. However,in the process of practice,many domestic nuclear power equipment manufacturers still have misunderstanding and confusion in the use of ASME Code welding materials,especially the impact test requirements in the re inspection of welding materials. Charpy impact test is an important test to evaluate the toughness and notch sensitivity of materials. The impact test performance of welding materials directly affects the quality of nuclear equipment and nuclear safety. Combined with practical cases,the impact test requirements in the inspection of ASME welding materials are analyzed,and the correct standard execution requirements are pointed out,so as to provide reference experience for the construction process of similar projects.
关键词:ASME;impact test;welding material;nuclear power