Numerical Simulation of Back Spatter and Weld Pool Dynamics in Laser Welding of 430 Ferritic Stainless-steel Thin Plate

GAO Tian; ZHAO Pengcheng; YAN Guoshuai; WANG Ziqiang; JING Shuixiu; ZHAO Zhenhui; LIU Jun

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.08.16

Welding Virtual Simulation | Views : 0 下载量: 5 CSCD: 0

PDF
Export
Share
Collection
Album

Numerical Simulation of Back Spatter and Weld Pool Dynamics in Laser Welding of 430 Ferritic Stainless-steel Thin Plate
Vol. 54, Issue 8, Pages: 118-127(2024)
Published： 25 August 2024 ，
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.08.16
稿件说明：

扫描看全文

高天，赵朋成，燕国帅，等.430铁素体不锈钢薄板激光焊接背面飞溅和熔池动态的数值模拟［J］.电焊机，2024，54（8）：118-127.

GAO Tian, ZHAO Pengcheng, YAN Guoshuai, et al.Numerical simulation of back spatter and weld pool dynamics in laser welding of 430 ferritic stainless-steel thin plate[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2024, 54(8): 118-127.
高天，赵朋成，燕国帅，等.430铁素体不锈钢薄板激光焊接背面飞溅和熔池动态的数值模拟［J］.电焊机，2024，54（8）：118-127. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.08.16.

GAO Tian, ZHAO Pengcheng, YAN Guoshuai, et al.Numerical simulation of back spatter and weld pool dynamics in laser welding of 430 ferritic stainless-steel thin plate[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2024, 54(8): 118-127. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.08.16.

摘要

薄板的激光焊接对离焦量敏感，很小的离焦量偏差就会导致熔池不稳定。本文采用数值模拟的方法，研究了离焦量对0.6 mm厚430铁素体不锈钢薄板激光焊熔池动态行为的影响，分析了形成焊道背面飞溅的原因。结果表明，在目前所用的焊接工艺参数条件下，离焦量决定着激光热输入在熔池中的位置和分布。熔池中匙孔的深度随着离焦量的降低而增大，负离焦（-0.1 mm）形成穿透的匙孔，零离焦（0 mm）和正离焦（+0.1 mm）形成的匙孔尺寸较小。不同离焦量均形成具有束腰结构的熔透熔池，熔池表面和匙孔表面的流速最大。熔池高度方向上存在由中间束腰部位向上下表面流动的两个涡流，液体金属在熔池上表面由熔池后方向前方流动。匙孔中的蒸发作用力和表面的高流速使匙孔不断闭合，在底部形成封闭的气泡。背面飞溅只在负离焦条件下形成，零离焦和正离焦不产生背面飞溅。负离焦条件下，熔透熔池形成的初期在焊道背面形成小颗粒的滴落型飞溅，主要是由熔池重力和表面流动导致；在穿透匙孔形成的末期因为气泡破裂形成大颗粒的喷射型飞溅。正离焦条件下熔池的形态、流动较为稳定，预测的焊道横断面轮廓与实验结果吻合良好。

Abstract

Since a small deviation in the off-focus value can lead to an unstable weld pool

the laser welding of thin plates is highly susceptible to this parameter. Based on numerical simulation

effects of off-focus on the dynamic behaviors of the weld pool in laser welding of 430 ferritic stainless-steel plates in 0.6mm thick were investigated. The reasons behind the formation of spatters on the back of the weld bead were examined. The results show that the position and distribution of laser heat input in the weld pool are primarily determined by the off-focus. As the off-focus value decreases

the keyhole in the weld pool gets deeper. A negative off-focus (-0.1 mm) creates a fully penetrated keyhole

while zero (0 mm) and positive (0.01 mm) off-focus creates smaller keyholes. All off-focuses form weld pools with a same waist structure

and the maximum flow velocities are observed on the surfaces of the weld pool and keyhole. Two eddy currents flowing from the middle waist to the upper and lower surfaces exist in the weld pool

and the molten metal on the upper surface of the weld pool flows forward from its rear to its front. Due to the evaporation force and high surface flow velocity

the keyhole continuously seals off in its middle

leading to closed bubbles at the bottom. Only negative off-focus causes back spatter

while zero and positive off-focus do not cause it. In the case of negative off-focus

small droplet spatters form on the back of the weld during the initial formation of the weld pool

chiefly caused by the gravity and surface flow. Jet spatters resembling large particles are formed due to bubble rupture during the final stage of the formation of the penetrated keyhole. There is a relatively stable shape and flow of the weld pool in the case of positive off-focus

and the predicted profile of the weld bead on the cross-section is in good agreement with the experimental results.

关键词

激光焊接铁素体不锈钢离焦量熔池动态背面飞溅

Keywords

laser weldingferritic stainless-steeloff-focusweld pool dynamicback spatter

references

JOVIC G，BORMANN A，PRöLL J，et al. Laser welding with side-gas application and its impact on spatter formation and weld seam shape［J］. Procedia CIRP，2020，94：649-654.

ZHANG R，TANG X，XU L，et al. Study of molten pool dynamics and porosity formation mechanism in full penetration fiber laser welding of Al-alloy［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer，2020，148：119089.

LIU F，WANG H，MENG X，et al. Effect of magnetic field orientation on suppressing porosity in steady-magnetic-field-assisted aluminum alloy deep-penetra-tion laser welding［J］. Journal of Materials Processing Technology，2022，304：117569.

CUI C Y，CUI X G，REN X D，et al. Microstructure and microhardness of fiber laser butt welded joint of stainless steel plates［J］. Materials & Design，2013，49：761-765.

YAN S，SHI Y，LIU J，et al. Effect of laser mode on microstructure and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel weld joint［J］. Optics & Laser Technology，2019，113：428-436.

DENG S，WANG H P，LU F，et al. Investigation of spatter occurrence in remote laser spiral welding of zinc-coated steels［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer，2019，140：269-280.

崔海超，芦凤桂，唐新华，等. 激光焊接熔池流动性试验研究［J］. 中国激光，2011，38（06）：100-105.

CUI H C，LU F G，TANG X H，et al. Experimental research on fluidity of laser welded molten pool［J］. Chinese Journal of Lasers，2011，38（06）：100-105.

ZHANG D B，LI C L，LIU X X，et al. Numerical study of spatter formation during fiber laser welding of aluminum alloy［J］. Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2018，31：72-79.

SCHWEIER M，HEINS J F，HAUBOLD M W，et al. Spatter Formation in Laser Welding with Beam Oscillation ［J］. Physics Procedia，2013，41：20-30.

WU D S，HUA X M，HUANG L J，et al. Numerical simulation of spatter formation during fiber laser welding of 5083 aluminum alloy at full penetration condition［J］. Optics and Laser Technology，2018，100：157-164.

彭进，许红巧，王永彪，等. 激光光斑尺寸对激光焊接熔池、匙孔行为的影响［J］. 红外与激光工程，2023，52（07）：199-209.

PENG J，XU H Q，WANG Y B，et al. Effect of laser spot size on the behavior of molten pool and keyhole in laser welding［J］. Infrared and Laser Engineering，2023，52（07）：199-209.

ZHANG M J，CHEN G Y，ZHOU Y，et al. Observation of spatter formation mechanisms in high-power fiber laser welding of thick plate［J］. Applied Surface Science，2013，280：868-875.

张高磊，孔华，邹江林，等. 高功率光纤激光深熔焊接飞溅特性以及离焦量对飞溅的影响［J］. 中国激光，2021，48（22）：79-86.

ZHANG G L，KONG H，ZOU J L，et al. Spatter characteristics of High-Power fibre laser deep penetration welding and effect of defocus on spatter［J］. Chinese Journal of Lasers，2021，48（22）：79-86.

LI S，CHEN G，KATAYAMA S，et al. Relationship between spatter formation and dynamic molten pool during high-power deep-penetration laser welding［J］. Applied Surface Science，2014，303：481-488.

LI S，CHEN G，ZHANG M，et al. Dynamic keyhole profile during high-power deep-penetration laser welding［J］. Journal of Materials Processing Technology，2014，214（3）：565-570.

彭进，许红巧，杨晓红，等. 表面张力对激光焊接熔池及匙孔的影响［J］. 焊接学报，2024，45（3）：7-14.

PENG J，XU H Q，YANG X H，et al. Effect of surface tension on molten pool and keyhole during laser welding［J］. Transactions of the China Welding Institution，2024，45（3）：7-14.

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Current Status and Prospect of Multi-Scale Numerical Simulation of Laser Welding Process

Current Status of Research and Problems of Narrow Gap Laser Welding

Analysis of Microstructure and Properties of Laser Welded Joints of Quenched 30Cr3 Ultra-high Strength Steel

Experimental Study on Laser Welding Stress and Deformation of Titanium Alloy Based on Synchronous Water Mist Cooling

Research Status of High-Efficiency 10 000-Watt Laser Welding