Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5A01 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Joint Welded by Laser Oscillation Welding

FAN Jikang; MA Li; NI Cheng; SONG Youmin; WANG Kehong

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2023.01.06

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5A01 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Joint Welded by Laser Oscillation Welding
Vol. 53, Issue 1, Pages: 38-43(2023)
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2023.01.06

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范霁康，马立，倪程，等.5A01铝合金薄板激光摆动焊接接头微观组织与力学性能［J］.电焊机，2023，53（1）：38-43.

FAN Jikang, MA Li, NI Cheng, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5A01 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Joint Welded by Laser Oscillation Welding[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2023, 53(1): 38-43.
范霁康，马立，倪程，等.5A01铝合金薄板激光摆动焊接接头微观组织与力学性能［J］.电焊机，2023，53（1）：38-43. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2023.01.06.

FAN Jikang, MA Li, NI Cheng, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5A01 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Joint Welded by Laser Oscillation Welding[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2023, 53(1): 38-43. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2023.01.06.

摘要

传统弧焊焊接铝合金时易造成焊缝区晶粒粗大、产生气孔等缺陷。因此采用激光摆动焊对1.0 mm厚5A01铝合金薄板进行试验研究，并对接头微观组织及力学性能进行分析。结果表明，在表面聚焦条件下，当焊接速度40 mm/s，激光功率1 600 W，脉冲频率5 000 Hz，摆动频率110 Hz，摆动幅值0.5 mm时，能够获得成形良好、表面无缺陷的焊接接头；接头熔合区附近的晶体形态呈柱状晶，焊缝中心部位晶体生长为细小的等轴枝晶；从母材区向焊缝区硬度逐渐降低，接头抗拉强度约为母材的66%，断后伸长率约为母材的41%，断裂形式主要为韧窝断裂。接头力学性能明显下降，主要是由于气孔处易产生应力集中，且激光焊能量集中，导致薄板受热不均产生较大内应力。

Abstract

When aluminum alloy is welded by arc welding process, it is easy to cause coarse grain in the weld zone and produce defects such as pores and cracks. The laser oscillation welding tests of 1.0 mm thick 5A01 aluminum alloy sheet were carried out, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were studied. The results show that under the condition of surface focusing, when the robot speed is 40 mm/s, laser power is 1 600 W, pulse frequency is 5 000 Hz, swing frequency is 110 Hz, and swing amplitude is 0.5 mm, the joint with good formability can be obtained. It was found that the columnar grains grow mainly along the fusion zone and the weld center is mainly composed of fine equi-axed crystal. The hardness gradually decreases from the base metal zone to the weld zone. The tensile strength of the joint is about 66% of the base metal, and the elongation is about 41% of the base metal. The fracture form of the joint is dimple fracture. The mechanical properties of the joints are significantly reduced, mainly due to the stress concentration easily generated at the porosity and the concentrated energy of laser welding, resulting in uneven heating of the thin plate generating large internal stresses.

关键词

5A01铝合金激光摆动焊微观组织力学性能

Keywords

5A01 aluminum alloylaser weldingmicrostructuremechanical properties

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