Study on Forming Defects of Laser-Arc Composite Penetration Welding

JIANG Bao; XU Fujia; YANG Yicheng; NIE Xin; SONG Yang; LIU Kongfeng

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.10.03

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Study on Forming Defects of Laser-Arc Composite Penetration Welding
Vol. 52, Issue 10, Pages: 15-22(2022)
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.10.03

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蒋宝，徐富家，杨义成，等.万瓦级激光-电弧复合穿透焊接成形缺陷研究［J］.电焊机，2022，52（10）：15-22.

JIANG Bao, XU Fujia, YANG Yicheng, et al.Study on Forming Defects of Laser-Arc Composite Penetration Welding[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2022, 52(10): 15-22.
蒋宝，徐富家，杨义成，等.万瓦级激光-电弧复合穿透焊接成形缺陷研究［J］.电焊机，2022，52（10）：15-22. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.10.03.

JIANG Bao, XU Fujia, YANG Yicheng, et al.Study on Forming Defects of Laser-Arc Composite Penetration Welding[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2022, 52(10): 15-22. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.10.03.

摘要

为了研究万瓦级光纤激光-电弧复合穿透焊接时的焊缝成形规律与缺陷产生的过程，以20 mm厚Q235低碳钢为研究对象，采用平焊方法，对不同激光功率、焊接速度、焊接电流条件下的焊缝正背面成形特征进行研究，并利用高速摄像对焊接过程中背面熔池的流动变化、焊瘤及飞溅的产生过程进行了观察分析。结果表明，采用万瓦级激光-电弧复合焊进行穿透焊接时，单一通过改变激光功率、焊接速度或焊接电流难以获得良好的焊缝成形，焊缝易出现正面凹陷、背面焊瘤以及飞溅等缺陷。背面焊瘤及大量飞溅的产生是导致焊缝正面凹陷的重要原因，而不稳定的激光穿透导致熔融金属液体受到的金属蒸气反冲力波动较大，是导致背面形成焊瘤及飞溅的重要原因之一。

Abstract

In order to study the law of welding seam formation and the process of defect formation during the composite penetration welding of ten thousand watts fiber laser-arc, the test takes 20 mm thick Q235 low carbon steel as the research object, adopts the flat welding method, and studies the forming characteristics of the front and back of the weld under the conditions of different laser power, welding speed and welding current. The flow changes of the backside molten pool, the formation of welding nodulations and spatter were observed and analyzed by high-speed camera. The results show that it is difficult to get a good weld shape by the change of laser power, welding speed or welding current alone, and the weld is prone to front sag, back weld tumor and spatter. The formation of welding tumor and a large number of spatter on the back side is an important reason for the front sag of the weld. The unstable laser penetration leads to the large fluctuation of the metal vapor recoil force on the molten metal liquid, which is one of the important reasons for the formation of welding tumor and spatter on the back side.

关键词

万瓦级光纤激光-电弧复合焊单面焊双面成形缺陷

Keywords

ten thousand wattsFiber laser-arc composite weldingone-side welding with back formationdefects

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