Research on single-mode fiber laser welding of 6013 aluminum alloy based on response surface method and the microstructure properties

基于响应面法的6013铝合金单模光纤激光焊接工艺及性能研究 Research on single-mode fiber laser welding of 6013 aluminum alloy based on response surface method and the microstructure properties 王程昊 WANG Chenghao 1 first-author 张本顺 ZHANG Benshun 1 赵昀 ZHAO Yun 1 李启明 LI Qiming 1 刘雨 LIU Yu 1 沈言 SHEN Yan 1 江苏自动化研究所机器人事业部 江苏自动化研究所机器人事业部 Robot Research Division,Jiangsu Automation Research Institute Robot Research Division,Jiangsu Automation Research Institute 选用2 mm 6013铝合金板材进行单模光纤激光焊接工艺试验,构建以激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量为输入变量,正背熔宽、背宽比和熔合区截面积为输出变量的3D响应面模型,模型具备显著性,且拟合良好。分析工艺参数变化对焊接接头几何特征的影响规律,并对典型焊缝进行了显微组织及力学性能分析。结果表明,激光功率与背面熔宽、背宽比及熔合区截面积变化呈正相关;焊接速度与输出变量均呈负相关;离焦量与正面熔宽及熔合区截面积变化呈正相关,与背宽比变化呈负相关。在背宽比回归模型中,激光功率与离焦量存在明显的交互作用。单模光纤激光可在低功率、高焊速的工艺匹配下实现2 mm 6013铝合金全熔透,且焊接接头截面熔宽更窄,微观晶粒尺寸小,其抗拉强度和断面延伸率分别为315.5 MPa和12.3%,可达到母材的90%和42%。 In this research, single-mode fiber laser welding process of 2 mm 6013 aluminum alloy are carried out based on response surface method. The relationship between the process parameters such as laser power, welding speed, and defocused position of the laser beam with the output responses such as top melt width, back melt width, back-to-top width ratio and fusion zone area are established in terms of 3 D response surface models. The models are significant and fit well. The influence of process parameter on the geometric characteristics of welded joints and the microstructure properties of typical welds are analyzed. The results show that the laser power is positively correlated with back melt width, back-to-top width ratio and fusion zone area; welding speed is negatively correlated with all output variables; the defocused position is positively correlated with top melt width and fusion zone area, while negatively correlated with back-to-top width ratio. There is an obvious interaction between laser power and defocused position in the regression model of back-to-top width ratio. The single-mode fiber laser can realize the full penetration of 2 mm 6013 aluminum alloy under the process matching of low power and high welding speed, and the section melting width of the welded joint is narrower and the micro grain size is small. Its tensile strength and section elongation are 315.5 MPa and 12.3%respectively, which can reach 90% and 42% of the base metal. 单模光纤 响应曲面法 焊缝成形 组织性能 single-mode fiber laser response surface methodology weld forming microstructure performance TG456.7 2022-03-08 10 51