铝合金型材间隙填料搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳性能研究
Fatigue property of Gap-Filling Friction Stir Welded Joints in Aluminum Alloy Profiles for Rail Vehicles
- 2026年56卷第6期 页码:64-69
收稿:2026-04-30,
修回:2026-06-05,
纸质出版:2026-06-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.06.08
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收稿:2026-04-30,
修回:2026-06-05,
纸质出版:2026-06-20
移动端阅览
针对轨道车辆6005A-T6铝合金型材搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)过程中装配间隙导致的接头成形与服役性能问题,该研究以1 mm间隙型材FSW接头为对象,分别采用6005A铝合金填片(同质)和ER5087铝合金异质填丝(直径1 mm)两种方式填充间隙,在优化工艺参数(转速800 r/min、200 mm/min下制备FSW接头,对比研究两种填料对接头疲劳性能及断裂行为的影响。结果表明,6005A铝合金同质填片和ER5087异质填丝均实现较好接头成形和有效熔合。S-N曲线结果表明,同质填片接头在10
7
周次下的疲劳强度约40 MPa,而异质填丝接头提升至约70 MPa。两种接头的疲劳断裂主要发生在热影响区,而非焊核区,且裂纹未沿“S”线扩展,表明在优化参数下外加填料未成为主导疲劳失效的主要因素。断口分析显示,裂纹多从试样表面边角或焊缝“鱼鳞纹”下方萌生,裂纹扩展区以解理特征为主,瞬时断裂区呈韧窝形貌。研究结果可为轨道车辆铝合金型材间隙填充FSW工艺优化及服役可靠性评价提供参考。
To address the joint formation and service performance issues caused by assembly gaps during friction stir welding (FSW) of 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy extruded profiles for rail vehicles
FSW joints with a 1 mm gap were fabricated using two gap-filling methods: 6005A aluminum alloy homogeneous filler strip (1 mm thick) and ER5087 aluminum alloy heterogeneous filler wire (1 mm in diameter). The joints were produced under optimized welding parameters (rotational speed of 800 rpm and travel speed of 200 mm/min)
and the effects of the two filler methods on high-cycle fatigue performance and fracture behavior were comparatively investigated. The S-N curve results indicate that the fatigue strength at 10⁷ cycles of the homogeneous filler-strip joint is approximately 40 MPa
while that of the heterogeneous filler-wire joint increases to approximately 70 MPa
representing a significant improvement in fatigue performance. Fatigue fracture in both types of joints predominantly occurs in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and parent material (PM)
rather than in the stir zone (SZ). No crack propagation along the "S-line" or hook defects is observed
indicating that under the optimized parameters
the introduced filler materials are not the dominant factor controlling fatigue failure. Fractographic analysis reveals that fatigue cracks generally initiate from the specimen surface corners or beneath the welding ripples
the crack propagation region exhibits predominantly cleavage characteristics
and the final fracture region displays dimple morphology. These results provide experimental references for the selection of gap-filling FSW process schemes for aluminum alloy profiles in rail vehicle applications.
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