白车身钢制门窗框远程激光焊工艺研究

程猛; 沈波; 杨官山

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.02.13

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白车身钢制门窗框远程激光焊工艺研究
Research on Remote Laser Welding Technology for Body in White Steel Door and Window Frame
2026年56卷第2期页码：112-118
收稿：2025-05-30，

修回：2025-10-09，

纸质出版：2026-02-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.02.13
稿件说明：

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程猛，沈波，杨官山.白车身钢制门窗框远程激光焊工艺研究［J］.电焊机，2026，56（2）：112-118. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.02.13.

CHENG Meng, SHEN Bo, YANG Guanshan.Research on Remote Laser Welding Technology for Body in White Steel Door and Window Frame[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(2): 112-118. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.02.13.

摘要

为研究远程激光焊接工艺参数对白车身钢制门窗框焊接质量的影响机制，采用与实际产品同材质、同厚度的热镀锌低碳钢试片，模拟门窗框焊接边的搭接结构，进行远程激光角焊工艺试验。系统分析了焊接搭接错边量、搭接间隙、焊接速度及激光功率等关键参数对焊缝成形与缺陷的影响规律，并明确各参数的最优控制范围。试验结果表明：为保证焊缝跟踪稳定性与焊接质量，搭接错边量应不小于4 mm；搭接间隙须严格控制在0.5 mm以内，间隙过大会造成熔融金属填充不足，导致有效熔宽减小和焊穿缺陷；焊接速度不宜超过70 mm/s，过高的速度会导致熔池失稳、飞溅增加及气孔缺陷；激光功率最优区间为2 100~2 150 W，过高的功率会加剧锌蒸气逸出，增大飞溅，干扰焊缝跟踪。研究证明，通过优化并控制上述工艺参数，能够有效抑制气孔、咬边、焊穿等常见缺陷，获得成形良好、质量合格的远程激光焊接接头。

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the influence mechanism of remote laser welding process parameters on the welding quality of steel door and window frames for Body-in-White (BIW). Using galvanized low-carbon steel test coupons with identical material and thickness to the actual product

the lap joint configuration of the window frame welding flange was simulated to conduct remote laser fillet welding experiments. The research systematically analyzed the effects of key parameters—including lap offset

fit-up gap

welding speed

and laser power—on weld formation and defect generation. The experimental results indicate that: to ensure seam tracking stability and welding quality

the lap offset should be no less than 4 mm; the fit-up gap must be strictly controlled within 0.5 mm

as excessive gaps lead to insufficient filler metal from the molten pool

reduced effective weld width

and a tendency for burn-through defects; the welding speed should not exceed 70 mm/s

as higher speeds cause molten pool instability

increased spatter

and porosity; the optimal laser power range is 2 100-2 150 W

with higher power exacerbating zinc vapor ejection

increasing spatter

and interfering with seam tracking. By optimizing and controlling these process parameters

this study successfully suppressed common defects such as porosity

undercut

and burn-through

producing well-formed and qualified remote laser welded joints. The findings provide direct technical guidance for achieving high-quality and efficient remote laser welding in the steel door and window frame areas of BIW.

关键词

Keywords

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