34CrNi1Mo+Q355B异种钢高效埋弧焊接工艺研究
Study on the High-Efficiency SAW Process of 34CrNi1Mo/Q355B Dissimilar Steel Joints
- 2025年55卷第12期 页码:72-78
收稿:2025-01-09,
修回:2025-01-25,
纸质出版:2025-12-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.12.10
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收稿:2025-01-09,
修回:2025-01-25,
纸质出版:2025-12-20
移动端阅览
针对中碳调质钢34CrNi1Mo与低合金钢Q355B异种焊接时冷裂纹敏感性高、碳迁移显著及接头性能不均等难题,开展了高效埋弧焊接工艺研究。基于低强匹配原则,选用H10Mn2焊丝与SJ101焊剂组合,并制定了包含预热(200~250 ℃)、控制层间温度及焊后560℃×8 h退火的关键工艺。试验结果表明,所得接头力学性能优异:抗拉强度(≥490 MPa)满足Q355B母材要求且断裂发生于母材;焊缝、34CrNi1Mo侧热影响区、Q355B侧热影响区的20 ℃冲击功均值分别为106.3 J、125.2 J、182.2 J;显微硬度呈梯度分布,34CrNi1Mo侧热影响区最高(平均314 HBW),Q355B母材最低(平均163 HBW)。金相分析显示焊缝组织为贝氏体+铁素体,热影响区组织过渡均匀。本研究证实所开发的埋弧焊工艺可实现34CrNi1Mo与Q355B异种钢的高质量连接,为工程应用提供了可靠依据。
To address the challenges of high cold cracking susceptibility
significant carbon migration
and mismatched joint properties in welding dissimilar steels between medium-carbon quenched and tempered steel 34CrNi1Mo and low-alloy structural steel Q355B
this study investigates a high-efficiency Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) process. Based on the undermatching principle
a combination of H10Mn2 welding wire and SJ101 flux was selected
supported by key procedures including preheating (200-250 ℃)
strict interpass temperature control
and post-weld annealing at 560℃ for 8 hours. Mechanical tests demonstrate excellent joint performance: the tensile strength (≥490 MPa) meets the design requirement
with fractures consistently occurring in the Q355B base metal; the average impact energies at 20℃ are 106.3 J for the weld metal
125.2 J for the heat-affected zone (HAZ) on the 34CrNi1Mo side
and 182.2 J for the HAZ on the Q355B side
all exceeding the respective base metal requirements; microhardness exhibits a gradient distribution
with the highest average value in the HAZ on the 34CrNi1Mo side (314 HBW) and the lowest in the Q355B base metal (163 HBW). Metallographic analysis reveals a weld microstructure consisting of bainite and ferrite
with a reasonable microstructural transition in both HAZs and no welding defects. This process successfully achieves high-quality and efficient joining of 34CrNi1Mo and Q355B dissimilar steels
providing reliable parameters for engineering applications.
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