摘要:Based on the current aviation industry standard, national standard, national military standard and international standard of resistance spot welding, the relationship between minimum nugget diameter, minimum shear strength and plate thickness in resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy,titanium alloy, steel and super alloy is summarized. The conclusion shows that for resistance spot welding of various alloys under various heat treatment conditions, there is a boundary point in the thickness range of 1.2 ~ 1.5 mm. At the left and right of the boundary point, the minimum nugget diameter and minimum shear strength are approximately linear with the plate thickness(for ultimate strength in 1 035 ~ 1 275 MPa and more than 1 275 MPa of high temperature alloy material, the thickness of 2.5 mm to the right, need to be subdivided), at the same time, strength of materials is put forward as the principle of classification system. This conclusion can be used to predict the minimum nugget diameter and the minimum shear strength of resistance spot welding of various plate thickness of new materials and those not covered in the standard.
摘要:Powder molten pool coupled activating TIG welding is a novel efficient welding method. Almost all metals can be welded by selecting corresponding activating flux powders. For AC powder molten pool coupled activating TIG welding arc with MnCl2 as activating flux, the spectrum of a rc plasma was collected and Boltzmann plot method was used to analyze the variation rule of arc plasma temperature with time. Combined with the variation rule of arc voltage, the effects of MnCl2 on AC arc were studied based on the comparison with traditional AC TIG arc. The results show that for AC TIG arc, the arc spectral intensity in EN period is higher than that in EP period, the arc voltage and arc temperature in EN period are lower than those in EP period. Because of the introduction of activating flux MnCl2, the central temperature and arc voltage of AC powder molten pool coupled activating TIG arc are higher than those of traditional AC TIG arc in both EN and EP periods, and the weld penetration of AC powder molten pool coupled activating TIG welding is significantly increased compared with that of traditional AC TIG welding.
关键词:powder molten pool coupled activating TIG welding;alternating current arc;spectral analysis;temperature variation;arc voltage
摘要:In view of the problem that the magnetic field generated by the external current affects the hot electrons in the mainstream thermal emission electron guns, the laser heating cathode mode was proposed. The heating mode can effectively eliminate the influence of the magnetic field, so as to improve the beam quality and cathode life. Based on Q60-A electron beam equipment,through simulation and experimental verification, the process of laser heating cathode and electron movement are systematically analyzed, and the selection scheme of laser and the structure optimization scheme of beam source components are determined. The results show that the recommended laser wavelength is 1 064 nm,the operating temperature of the cathode is 2 650 K, the laser power required to reach the operating temperature of the cathode is 377 W, and the critical power to maintain the operating temperature of the cathode is 160 W. The structure size of the new beam source components is optimized. The distance between anode and cathode is 18 mm, the anode aperture is 10 mm, and the radius of grid sphere is 20 mm. The electron beam quality is ideal at this time. The accuracy of simulation results and the rationality of laser selection are verified by experiments. This study provides reference and useful guidance for the systematic design and engineering application of the laser heated cathode type electron gun.105
关键词:thermal emission electron gun;laser;cath-ode;beam source components;simulation
摘要:The welding residual stress of X80 pipeline steel butt joint is simulated by means of finite element analysis, and the distribution of residual stress is obtained. The results show that the overall variation trend of circumferential residual stress increases at first, and after arc stabilization, the residual stress reaches the peak and maintains, and then decreases near the arc ending position. The overall trend of axial residual stress increases at first and then steadily decreases after reaching the peak. The simulation results of residual stress are in good agreement with the two measurement methods, and the results of X-ray diffraction method are higher than those of blind hole method. Through the finite element simulation technology, the location of the larger stress can be predicted, which has great guiding significance in engineering application to prevent stress corrosion cracking effectively.
关键词:pipeline steel;distribution of residual stress;finite element analysis;corrosion resistance
摘要:In view of the collapse failure of liner in the operation of mechanical clad metal pipe in the field of oil and gas transportation at home and abroad, as well as the complicated production process and low efficiency of metallurgical clad pipe, a new automatic hot-wire TIG surfacing process is explored. The low production efficiency and large welding deformation of traditional clad pipe are improved. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance tests results show that the clad pipe formed by automatic hot-wire TIG surfacing has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. This process can provide technical reference for the optimization of the manufacturing of the clad pipe for oil and gas transportation.
摘要:In order to determine whether it is necessary to place surfacing layers at both sides of the steel plate groove in advance in the test on metal deposited with cellulose electrode, different number of surfacing layers are placed on the square test plate, and it is observed that the chemical composition of the welding line is close in each case. The chemical composition of itself has increased in different proportions, indicating that the chemical elements of the base metal are diluted into the weld, but it will not change significantly with the increase of the number of layers. By analyzing the chemical test piece at different distance to the groove welding line, it is found that the conclusion is similar to that for the base metal, that is, the chemical composition of the base metal has been diluted into the welding line to different extent, with no apparent difference in chemical composition at different vertical distance to the groove observed; the mechanical properties of materials with no surfacing layer are similar to that of those with one surfacing layer, while the mechanical properties of materials with two surfacing layers slightly outperforming that of those with no surfacing layer or only one surfacing layer.
关键词:cellulose electrode;deposited metal test;chemical composition;mechanical property
摘要:In order to strengthen the quality control of high performance steel pipe, the chemical composition, mechanical properties and metallographic microstructure of X90 straight seam pipe produced by 10 major domestic steel pipe plants are analyzed in detail. The performance control of X90 straight seam pipe is analyzed, and the control degrees of each element of chemical composition, tensile properties, impact properties and hardness are ranked. At the same time, the problems of X90 straight seam pipe are analyzed from two aspects of performance and welding embitterment, and the corresponding cause analysis and treatment direction are provided. The results show that the control of the chemical components of Nb+V+Ti, P, CEpcm and Mn should be strengthened. The control degree ranking of tensile property is elongation >tensile strength > yield strength, and special attention should be paid to the control of yield ratio. The control degree ranking of average impact energy is base metal transverse control > heat affected zone transverse control > weld transverse control. But the control degree ranking of standard deviation of impact energy is weld transverse control > base metal transverse control > heat affected zone transverse control. PF in the fusion zone of metallographic microstructure accounts for a large proportion, which is the main cause of softening and should be paid close attention to.
摘要:In order to accurately simulate the MIG welding process of medium thick plate under complex shape molten pool, a combined heat source model with special spatial distribution of arc + droplet was established by extracting the weld fusion line and fitting the polynomial equation. Based on the model and the double ellipsoid heat source model, the finite element simulation of 6 mm thick 6082-T6 aluminum alloy MIG welding was carried out, and the welding temperature field and post-welding stress field were calculated. Combined with the simulation results of the two heat source models, a comparative analysis was made from the actual weld shape,thermal cycle curve and stress distribution measurement values.The results show that the combined heat source model with weld fusion line has fewer regulating parameters, the temperature field can better reflect the complex shape of the weld pool, and the stress field is more consistent with the measured value, so it is suitable for the simulation of MIG welding process of medium thick plate with groove opening.
摘要:During welding operation, a large amount of metal dust is generated during the fusion welding process. These dusts exist in the air in the form of aerogel, which seriously affects the environment. At the same time, the dust is an easily inhaled substance, which is harmful to the human respiratory system,skin, eye blood, etc., and seriously affect the health of workers.This article takes the actual workshop welding fume treatment project as the object, and studies the airflow organization form of the welding fume treatment system of tall workshops. Calculate and verify the rationality of the piping layout of the dust removal system with the aid of airflow simulation. At the same time,through the simulation data at different cross-sections, the blind spots of smoke and dust control are found, so as to determine the best air flow organization form and provide a reference for project design.
关键词:tall workshop;welding fume control system;airflow organization
摘要:Through pulsating tensile fatigue test, the friction stir welding(FSW) joints of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy used for high speed train were studied with different number of adjusting times by the flat stir pin, and the fatigue fractures were observed and analyzed by SEM. The results show that the specified life of FSW joints of aluminum alloy is median value fatigue limit strength of 1 ×107, which rises as the number of adjusting times increases. The welded joints have higher fatigue limit strength with twice adjusting by flat stir pin, and the cracks are mainly concentrated at the back edge of the welds. The fatigue cracks in the crack initiation zone and extension zone are vivid, and the final broken zone is the ductile fracture with deep dimple pattern.
关键词:number of adjusting times;friction stir welding;fatigue properties;friction heat;flat stir pin
摘要:A laser vision detection method for welding joint assembly quality information parameters of mine explosionproof shell is proposed. Firstly, a set of vision measurement system with camera, grating laser and computer as the core is built to obtain the grating fringe image of the bottom of the shell with welding joint. By analyzing the coupling between the grating fringe and the welding joint, the correlation between the feature points of the grating fringe and the amount of the assembly gap and the amount of the wrong side is obtained. Secondly, the grating fringe in the image is segmented and refined to obtain the coordinates of the fringe contour points. The characteristic point coordinates of the grating fringe are obtained by automatically searching the data of the computer, and the matrix of the feature points of the grating fringe is established. Finally, based on the characteristic point matrix, the algorithm of welding joint assembly gap and error variable is established, and the welding joint assembly quality evaluation index and method based on welding joint gap and error variable are established. The verification results show that the assembly information obtained by the vision measurement system is in good agreement with the manual measurement results, which can replace the manual measurement to realize the evaluation of assembly quality.
摘要:The fixed medium frequency inverter resistance spot welding machine was used to weld HR800 CP complex-phase steel with 2.2 mm thickness. The welding current window,microstructure, mechanical properties and electrode life of the steel plate under this process are analyzed. The results show that the welding lobe of this steel is 1.8 k A,which meets the requirements of use. The maximum shear force and positive tensile force of the welding point with the maximum welding current are 28 212.9 N and 1 6917.2 N, which are respectively14.4% and 22.35% higher than the minimum welding current.After continuously welding 500 points with the maximum welding current, the size of the nugget(6.30 mm) is still larger than the minimum nugget size(5.93 mm), and the service life of the electrode exceeds 500 points.
摘要:Nuclear reactor pressure vessel is the heart of nuclear power plant. The surfacing quality of main bolt hole is related to the normal operation of reactor pressure vessel, and will affect the operation safety and operation time of nuclear power plant. Aiming at the unqualified PT/UT detection problem of main bolt hole surfacing in the manufacturing process of reactor pressure vessel in a factory, the causes of welding defects are analyzed as follows:(1) Unstable arc in local area and poor protection of weld area;(2) Poor welding station makes it difficult for welders to operate. The corresponding improvement measures are put forward, such as changing manual surfacing to mechanical argon arc welding,and changing flame heating to electric heating plate heating;conduct targeted training on workpiece status; strengthen the cleaning of the surface to be welded and strengthen the operation requirements. After field verification, the above measures have significantly improved the first pass rate of main bolt hole surfacing PT/UT, and provides valuable technical accumulation and engineering experience for the manufacturing of RPV in subsequent projects.
关键词:nuclear reactor pressure vessel;main bolt hole;surfacing;quality control
摘要:The technological characteristics of variable polarity plasma arc welding(VPPAW) of aluminum alloy are analyzed. The penetrating variable polarity plasma arc butt girth welding experiment of anti-rust aluminum alloy 5 A06 with thickness of 7 mm is carried out by using ER5356 welding wire.The influencing factors of weld forming quality are analyzed,and the application of variable polarity plasma arc welding to shell-flange girth welding in an underwater product is realized.The welding process is divided into six stages: arc-striking,perforating, welding, lapping, hole-closing and arc-extinguish.The quality and mechanical properties of the joint are tested by X-ray diffractometer and universal stretcher. The results show that the girth weld of 5 A06 aluminum alloy shell and flange is well formed. The weld quality meets the requirements of grade I weld of GJB 294 A-2005 "Fusion Welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys". The tensile strength of the joint is 301 MPa,which is 90.2% of the base material. The fracture position is near the bond line. The mechanical properties of the joint are good and meet the requirements of the product.
摘要:Using internal welding machine for root welding+ automatic solid wire gas shielded vertical down welding for long-distance pipeline welding construction has the advantages of easy process control, high welding efficiency and stabile welding quality. However, due to factors of pairing and beveling,it’s difficult to apply current automatic welding technology in the construction of pipeline tie-in. In order to realize the automatic welding of pipeline tie-in with irregular width and large offset, on the basis of automatic CPP900-W1 single welding torch pipeline welding system, by adopting flux-cored wire gas shielded welding process, the equipment function and welding parameters are optimize through experiments. With the groove pairing offset of 3 mm and pairing gap of 2 mm between the flat position and overhead position welding, the welding equipment and parameters meeting the requirements of automatic welding of tie-in are obtained. Non-destructive testing result and mechanical properties of welds meet the requirements of relevant standards. This welding equipment and process have been applied on the site of East China-Russia gas pipeline and is proved of good application effect. Welder labor intensity is greatly reduced and welding efficiency is highly improved.
关键词:oil and gas pipeline;automatic welding;single welding torch;welding efficiency
摘要:The welding process of 18 mm thick 7 B52-T6 bulletproof aluminum alloy plate is studied by MIG welding with ER5356 welding material as filler material. The microstructure and mechanical properties of butt joint are analyzed, which provides experimental basis and theoretical support for the welding of bulletproof aluminum alloy medium thick plate. The results show that the selected welding process and materials are reasonable and feasible, no welding defects are found in NDT and macro metallographic test, which can meet the quality requirements of the grade Ⅰ weld. The average tensile strength of the welded joint reaches 287.3 MPa, and the welding coefficient is about 0.52. The performance of the welding procedure qualification has achieved the relevant requirements,and the evaluation is reasonable, which can be used to guide the welding of 7 B52-T6 aluminum alloy structural parts.
关键词:7B52-T6 aluminum alloy;MIG welding;butt joint;welding process
摘要:Using filler metal BNI94 SIB980-1065, the 2 nd stage diffuser of Z8 CND17-04 is vacuum brazed by adjusting the tooling weight under the brazing specification of 1 130 ℃/10 min. Meanwhile, the change of blade height before and after vacuum brazing, brazing weld quality and brazing penetrate ratio are analyzed by th e metallographic microscope and ultrasonic analysis instrument. The results show that when the tooling weight is 56 kg, the quality of the brazing weld is poor and the warping of the part reaches 0.75 mm; as the tooling weight increases, the quality of the brazing weld and the warping of the part improve. When the tooling weight is 94 kg and the blade height is controlled within the specific range, the brazing joint quality is good, the warping of parts is controlled within 0.5 mm, and the brazing penetration ratio is over 90%.
关键词:tooling weight;2nd stage diffuser;vacuum brazing;blade height;brazing penetration ratio
摘要:Based on reactor pressure vessel stud hole(M155 ×4) of a type of pressurized water reactor, the temper bead welding repair process of reactor pressure vessel stud hole thread was briefly described. The strength of the remade stud hole thread repaired by temper bead welding technique was checked, and the screwing test and tensile test were also carried out. The calculation and verified test results show that the shear strength, compression strength and bending strength of the reactor pressure vessel stud hole temper bead remade thread meet the design requirements, and the strength of the remade stud hole thread also meets the requirements of its screwing and tensile performance.
摘要:The automation of vertical seam welding of 9%Ni steel for large LNG storage tank is an urgent industry problem to be solved. In this paper, GMAW-P automatic welding technology is used to weld the vertical seam of LNG storage tank. In order to ensure the quality and reliability of vertical welded joint, the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joint were studied by microstructure observation, tensile test, bending test, impact test and hardness test. The results show that the weld formation of 9% Ni steel automatic vertical welding joint is good and the microstructure transition is uniform. The tensile properties of the weld metal are excellent. There is no crack in the bending test of the joint.The low temperature toughness of the-196 ℃ impact test is good. The mechanical properties are qualified according to the requirements of welding procedure qualification standard, which provides certain theoretical guidance for the application and promotion of high-efficiency automatic vertical welding technology for large LNG storage tanks.
关键词:9% Ni steel;GMAW-P automatic vertical welding;microstructure;mechanical properties
摘要:The quality problems occur many times in the welding of electric heater parts of nuclear power pressurizer in a certain project, such as incomplete penetration of root and pits dimensions out of tolerance. In this paper, the welding quality problems of electric heater parts in pressurizer are analyzed and studied to find out the causes of defects, so as to improve the welding process or control measures, solve and avoid the recurrence of similar quality problems and ensure product quality.
摘要:The head of accumulator is fabricated by pressed petal by manual arc welding, due to improper operation of the operator, large defects such as slag and blowhole are found during RT inspection after welding, which need to be repaired.The head of accumulator is spliced with melon petal and spherical shape and welding position is upward climbing welding,and the material is austenitic stainless steel. Defects can’t be removed by carbon arc air gouging, but can only be removed by grinding wheel.Because the shape of the grinding parts and operation in the repair welding process are not paid attention to during the defect grinding process, cracks are found by RT after repair welding. In this paper, the chemical composition of accumulator material, grinding shape of defect parts, welding technology, welder operation and other aspects are analyzed. And finds out the cause of cracks on the basis of analysis, puts forwards measures to control cracks,(1) After the defect is removed, the transition should be smooth and there should be no sharp grooves;(2) The swing width of welding rod is not easy to be too large. Use tooling to change upward climbing welding to horizontal welding position;(3) Strengthen technical control capacity. Provide production experience for the repair of accumulator head in subsequent projects.
摘要:The welding of 05 Cr17 Ni4 Cu4 Nb martensitic precipitated hardened stainless steel and 304 L austenitic stainless steel belongs to dissimilar steel welding. For the welding particularity of martensitc structure, the welding process and materials are formulated, and the welding crack tendency of martensitc structure, the control of welding heat input, the mechanical properties of welded joints and other factors are fully considered.
摘要:After installation and commissioning, cracks were found in the iron-base alloy hard-faced sealing surface and the iron-base alloy hard-faced guide surface of bulk imported valve parts from a foreign valve manufacturer. After systematic analysis and testing of the typical crack-containing parts, the root cause of the weld cracks was determined and summarized. After optimizing the structure of the hard face layer and the hard-facing progress, the replacement valve parts have been proven have better crack resistance and anti-expansion ability. Above all, this provides an engineering reference for the iron-based alloy welding in nuclear power equipment applications.
关键词:valve;iron-base alloy;hardfacing;high temperature crack;residual stress
摘要:Taking TC4 titanium alloy welding test plate as the research object, the welding residual stress was detected by blind hole method, and then the welding residual stress was eliminated by thermal aging and ultrasonic impact methods respectively. And the effects of the welding residual stress relief by thermal aging and ultrasonic impact were studied. The results show that thermal aging can significantly reduce the welding residual stress, and the residual tensile stress relief rate is less than 100%, but the compressive stress can not be generated. Compared with thermal aging, ultrasonic impact has a better effect and the residual tensile stress relief rate is 100%,which can convert the harmful welding residual tensile stress into compressive stress which is beneficial to the fatigue strength and fatigue life. It is suggested to use ultrasonic impact to eliminate residual stress of titanium alloy weld.
摘要:The ultrasonic impact stress relief test was carried out on the dissimilar steel welded joint between cutting head toothholder and cylinder body by using different impulse currents and impact time. The results show that after ultrasonic impact treatment, the residual stress relief rate of toe of weld is68% ~122%. When the impact time is constant, the residual stress relief rate will increase as the impulse current increases.When the current is 3.1 A, a large compressive stress is formed on the surface. When the impulse current remains unchanged and the impulse time increases, the decrease of elimination rate is small, and the increase is less than 16%. The optimum current value for ultrasonic impact treatment of the welded joint between the tooth seat of the cutting head and the cylinder is 2.7 ~3.1 A, and the optimum impact time is no more than 250 s.
摘要:Laser welding has been widely used in many fields as the characteristics of highly concentrated energy, small heat affected zone, small deformation of workpiece, high welding efficiency, good welding quality and high degree of automation. However, it has not been popularized in nuclear power equipment manufacturing. The laser welding technology in this paper is first adopted in domestic similar nuclear power equipment. The welding quality problems in the storage sleeve of the underwater spent fuel storage rack of nuclear power units in the previous project and the welding quality problems in the application of laser welding and their causes are analyzed and summarized. The technical improvement measures are proposed from the aspects of welding parameter optimization, weld deformation control, application of run-on tab and run-off tab,cleanliness control and so on, and good results are obtained,which provides reference experience for the application of laser welding in the storage sleeve of nuclear spent fuel storage rack.
摘要:Research has been conducted on the problem of iron-based spray-welded drill pipe wear-resistant banding process.The analysis shows that the main reasons for the falling off of ironbased spray welding deposited layer of drill pipe joint are spray welding process defects, incomplete penetration, poor adhesion and small gap. In view of the causes of falling off, the problem of falling off of iron-based spray welding layer is analyzed and solved from two aspects of welding process and welding materials. Finally,the iron-based spray welding alloy with the same composition is prepared into flux cored wire, and MAG(melting electrode active gas shielded arc welding) is used to completely solve the problem of falling off of iron-based spray welding layer, reduce drilling sticking accidents and reduce costs.