摘要:The polarity and its influences on the usability quality of submerged arc welding were reviewed. The results show that The arc shape is different during DCEP and AC,the metal transfer type is not completely changed by polarity,but the droplet diameter and droplet detachment frequency are different. Although the polarity has some influence on the porosity of submerged arc weld,but the control of moisture in the flux is the most important measures to prevent porosity. The polarity significantly affects the weld geometry,there are HAZ and dilution values in straight polarity are less than in reverse polarity,but since the fluxes used are not the same,different results may be produced. The influence of polarity on the mechanical properties of weld metal of SAW is quite complex. In the waveform control technology,variable polarity submerged arc welding power can significantly improve the deposition efficiency and welding speed,easy to control the penetration and weld shape,to bring a new concept of submerged arc welding field.
摘要:This research uses the gate type double wire submerged arc welding machine,welding wire diameter of 4.8 mm,fillet welding in the flat position,the welding process test of h-shaped steel body with a web thickness of 20 mm is carried out. The analysis of test results,and with the help of the mathematical model of the T joint,reasonably adjust welding angle,wire eccentric distance and the interrelation between the position of weld fusion zone,and set the welding angle and wire position according to the mathematical model,the web thickness of 20 mm of H-shaped steel,in the case of none groove,H-shaped steel combination of weld has reached the requirements of full penetration welds,UT inspection qualified. The mechanical properties of the specimens are sampled,the impact performance and hardness of the welded joints are in accordance with the requirements of the relevant specifications,and the metallographic structure is well formed from macroscopic and microscopic metallographic analysis.
摘要:In the friction stir welding(FSW)of thick plate or high-strength alloy,tools easily rupture under the high stress and high temperature. Therefore,it is of great significance to analyze the tool load bearing capacity. In this paper,a Fluent fluid-solid coupling model is established to simulate the thermal mechanical process for the FSW process of 9.53 mm thick AA6061 aluminum alloy. The resultant temperature and pressure fields of tool pin are imported into ANSYS model for the structural analysis. The effect of welding speed on the maximum shear force and the safety factor is investigated. It is shown that the tool is the most likely to rupture at the root of tool pin. With the increase of welding speed,the maximum shear force of tool increases,resulting in the decrease in safety factor and load bearing capacity. The simulation results of the model are basically consistent with the experimental data.
摘要:In this paper,the welding residual stress of main weld-joint of the wind generator bracket was measured and studied. The butt joint of 40 mm-thickness Q345 D plate in actual working condition was prefabricated by using the MAG welding according to the qualified welding procedure specification of multi-layer and multi-pass welding. In the welding process,the 4 th,8 th and 12 th welded joint residual stress was tested by the blind-hole method. The test results show that the longitudinal residual stress reach peak area in the center of weld which is tensile stress,towards parent material tensile stress is gradually decreased,far away from the center of the weld residual stress is compressive stress. The transverse residual stress decreases from the peak of the tensile stress gradually.
摘要:Based on the adaptive re-meshing technique,the fully coupled thermo-mechanical model of friction stir welding of AA6061 is established. The wear loss of welding tool is calculated by Archard equation. The temperature curve and equivalent strain rate are exacted to calculate the grain size and distributions in recrystallization after weld by use of Monte Carlo method. Results indicate that the equivalent strain rate is increased with the increase of wear,which can lead to the increase of nucleation. The grain sizes in the stirring zone can be then decreased. The service life and weld quality can be increased by appropriate wear. Certainly,excessive wear can lead to the decrease of weld quality.
LI Yang,GUO Lijuan,LIU Dongjun,TIAN Hui,LIU Huawei
Vol. 48, Issue 5, Pages: 31-33(2018)
摘要:Using 2.5 mm+4 mm carbon steel material and ER50-G welding wire to conduct laser filling wire welding test of unequal thickness butt joint. The fatigue properties and macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the unequal thickness butt joints are studied,and the fracture characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the fatigue value of the join is 237.7 MPa when the specified life cycle is 1×107. The fatigue fracture occurs at the welding toe on the side of the 2.5 mm plate. The fracture presents typical fatigue characteristics,and the fatigue lines are clear,and the fracture morphology of the transient area is a dimple of different sizes. This study provides a reliable technical support for laser fillet welding in the manufacture of carbon steel body.
YE Yihai,ZHENG Dexu,LUO Xuzhen,WANG Jian,SHANG Wei,ZHU Qimeng,ZHU Yonghui
Vol. 48, Issue 5, Pages: 34-39(2018)
摘要:In this paper,the welding test pieces were prepared by surf acing the low-alloy steel electrode on S271 plate grooving specimens of nuclear grade low-alloy steel by electrode arc welding manual temper bead technique. The influence of local increase of welding heat cycle on the microstructure and properties of HAZ and the influence of the thickness of tempered surfacing layer on the microstructure and properties of HAZ were studied. And the results showed that,the tempering furnace of the microstructure of the HAZ nearby weld toe was insufficient without increasing the welding thermal cycle;and the impact toughness was bad which caused by the martensitic and the interface of retained austenite in the HAZ,the martensitic was detected,the interface of retained austenite was disappeared,and the impact toughness was improved obviously,while increasing the welding thermal cycle. The tempering furnace of the microstructure was improved obviously by part of layer removed. And the value of the hardness(HV0.2) was reducing and the value impact toughness was increasing,with the increasing thickness of grinding.
关键词:low alloy steel(S271);manual temper bead welding;heat-affected zone;microstructure and properties;thermal cycle
摘要:The fatigue life of welded joints directly affects the service life of workpieces or equipment,in order to obtain high quality weld,extending the fatigue life of welds has always been a research hotspot. The concept of fatigue life is explained first,then analyzes the cause of fatigue fracture and the process of fatigue fracture. The methods,operation requirements and matters needing attention of improving the fatigue life of welded joints by adjusting key weld appearance details are emphasized. Five methods to improve the fatigue life are discussed in the paper,the ideal weld profiles,weld toe grinding,weld toe hammering,weld toe remelting,grinding the toes and hammering.
关键词:fatigue life;weld profiles;weld toe grinding;weld toe hammering;weld toe remelting
摘要:The high susceptibility to cold crack and reheat crack is a shortcoming with the welding of 1Cr11MoNiW1VNbN martensitic stainless steel. The stellite alloys is a kind of wear-resistant and hard alloys,characteristic with high strength and hardness,poor ductility and poor weldability. Therefore,it is important to choose reasonable welding materials and set the welding and heat treatment process parameters strictly to avoid welding cracks and meet the requirements of surfacing welding. In this paper,through choosing Ni-based Alloy as transition layer and strictly controlling process parameters,the steady and well-surfacing joint was successfully obtained,the feasibility of the surfacing process was proved,the purpose of guiding industrial production was realized also.
摘要:In order to meet the requirement of weight reduction,rail vehicles are increasingly using aluminum alloys. The lap joint is one of the common forms of rail vehicles and it is of great significance to optimize the welding process,reduce the welding deformation and improve the service life of rail vehicles by exploring the welding residual stress distribution and deformation regularities. The MIG welding temperature fields,stress fields and deformation of 2.2 mm and 3 mm lap joints of 6005 A-T6 aluminum alloy are simulated by using thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method. The simulation results are compared with the experimental ones. It is shown that they are in good agreement,which verifies the accuracy of the established finite element model. The welding residual stress of aluminum alloy lap joint is mainly distributed in the weld and heat affected zone,the change in the thickness direction is not obvious,on the whole,the distribution of residual stresses is asymmetric. Welding deformation mainly appears at the edge of the lower plate parallel,the maximum deformation reaches 2.6 mm,and in the longitudinal direction of the plate also produces concave downward deformation.
关键词:aluminum alloy;lap joint;numerical simulation;welding temperature field;stress and deformation
摘要:A6061-T6 aluminum alloys is the main structure materials for vehicle manufacture. The train body had suffered severe corrosion damage under the effect of coastal,underground humidity and would affect the reliability of structures. This paper focused on the A6061-T6 aluminum alloy welded joints and study the weight loss,electric chemistry corrosion properties. The results showed that the rate of corrosion weight loss first showed a rapid increase,reaching a maximum at 14 th day,and then with the further extension of the corrosion time,the weight loss gradually decreased,showing a steady decline. The self corrosion potential had become positive with the order of Cl-、SO42-、NO3-of base metals and weld but the self corrosion current had become small at the 5% mass fraction of different corrosion solution. The corrosion acceleration effect of SO42-was weaker than Cl-but higher than NO3-.
关键词:A6061-T6 aluminum alloys;corrosion behavior;self corrosion potential;self corrosion current
摘要:Butt welding of LF6 aluminum alloy is carried out by two different welding methods,A-TIG welding and TIG welding. ATIG welding using small current,but TIG welding using large current,then use metallographic analysis,tensile fracture scan,EDS analysis and electron probe element analysis to analyze the differences between microstructure,mechanical properties and element distribution of welded joints. The test results show that the microstructure of A-TIG welding is thicker than that of TIG welding and the hardness of the weld is higher. The tensile performance of A-TIG welded joint is higher than that of TIG welding. The EDS analysis and the electron probe element analysis respectively on the heat affected zone and weld area of A-TIG welding and TIG welding are carried out respectively. The analysis data show that the influence of the two welding methods on the heat affected zone and the weld area element is almost undifferentiated.
摘要:Flash welding is the most important welding method of jointless track in field rail. Because its heating is mainly achieved through the resistance heat of a short circuited liquid bridge. As a result,the liquid bridge existing time affects the heating and end surface’s state. However,the existence time of the liquid bridge is affected by the dynamic performance of the movable clamp of the welding machine. Therefore,aiming at the specific field construction conditions of rail flash butt welding,based on the actual system,under the environment of MATLAB,using Sim Hydraulics software to establish the hydraulic simulation model of forging system of flash welding machine. And the dynamic response of the movable clamp is simulated and analyzed in the case of different structural parameters of the oil system and the change of the load. The results show that the dynamic response speed of the movable clamp can be effectively improved by reducing the diameter and length of the tubing and increasing the hydraulic system pressure of the handpiece. When the welding environment changes,the dynamic response of the movable clamp can be guaranteed by changing the setting value of the hydraulic system and adjusting the control algorithm,which provides the direction for the quality assurance of the welding field.
摘要:With the rapid development of high-speed and heavy-duty railway,demand for the quality of rail and rail welded joint is higher. In order to improve the strength and hardne ss of steel rail,Panzhihua Steel(Group) developed PG5 U95 Cr hypereutectoid steel rail,Baotou Steel(Group)developed U20 Mn bainitic steel rail. The GAAS80/580 welding machine and induction heat treatment were used for welding and heat treating test. After the series testing as hammer,hardness,impact,tensile,fatigue and the static bending metallographic,the results of the performance tests show that the rail joints meet the standard requirements of TB/T1632-2014,the quality of welded joint is good.
摘要:The microstructure and mechanical properties of A6N01 aluminum alloy pulse cold metal transfer(P-CMT) welded joints are observed and analyzed by OM, microhardness and tensile testers. The results show that the weld of P-CMT welded joint is a typical dendritic crystal cast structure. The side of bond close to the weld is a columnar crystal structure, while the side close to the substrate is an equiaxed grain structure. The softening zone of heat affected zone about 10 mm from the center of the weld. The average tensile strength of welded joints is 203 MPa,and the average elongation after fracture A60 is 11.09%. The weld zone and the softening zone of the HAZ are the weak links of the welded joint.
关键词:A6N01 aluminum alloy;pulse cold metal transfer welding;microstructure;mechanical property
摘要:Accumulator middle tread run is welded by submerged arc welding for HL1000 nuclear plant in China. The welding is performed with the combination of sphere positioner and narrow gap submerged arc welding machine,and the automation welding of sphere arc-shaped curve welds of ACC middle tread run is realized. The influence factors for welding quality are discussed from material,welding current,voltage,rolling speed of the positioner and weld groove type. The measures are adopted from the design of groove,the selection of welding methods,the control of the size of middle tread run,the control of assembly size,the control of welding process,the welding sequence and so on,and the technology planning is done in all directions. Finally,the welding of three accumulator middle tread runs for HL1000 nuclear plant is accomplished.
摘要:By the principles of TIG and plasma welding, cast aluminum alloy piston for automobile are remelted with three methods respectively,which are traditional TIG,high frequency variable polarity TIG(VPTIG)and plasma. The depth of refining layer,the hardness of refining zone and primary silicon size are measured and analyzed. The result shows that the fine primary silicon size of 4.22 μm and high hardness of 182.4 HV can be acquired in the traditional TIG remelting method; The refining zone depth of 6.10 mm can be got by plasma remelting method,which is the deepest in these three methods; the treatment effect obtained by VPTIG remelting method is between the effects got by above two methods.
摘要:As the society paying high attention to environmental protection and rational use of energy science,the automobile industry seeks materials with high strength,good formability and low density to replace traditional automotive materials in order to reduce the dead weight of automobile and meet the social development requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction. Although the current development of new type molding materials such as aluminum alloys,magnesium alloys and titanium alloys are not yet mature. They are only partially applied in automobile manufacturing,and most automotive materials are still mainly steels,so high-strength and lightweight products are developed. Lightweight automotive steel plates have become an important issue in the metallurgical industry. Under the premise of ensuring automobile collisions meeting relevant safety standards,in metallurgical industry,the high-strength and lightweight automobile steel plates has been developed to the third generation represented by Quenching and Partitioning(Q&P)technology,but the first and second generations automobile steel plates are still widely used in the automobile industry and are not completely eliminated. The current application,research and development of lightweight and high-strength automotive steel plates are mainly introduced.
LIN Fangqiang,WANG Jian,ZHAO Yongming,LUO Xuzhen,LI Hongjun,YE Yihai
Vol. 48, Issue 5, Pages: 96-100(2018)
摘要:The effect of surfacing paramet ers on welding stress for a voltage stabilizer safe-end pipe is studied by means of finite element numerical simulation, and the design of virtual welding technology is carried out. By ANSYS software, a numerical model of surfacing repair for a NPP voltage stabilizer safe-end pipe is established, and the influences of different welding currents and welding speeds on the welding stress are compared and analyzed. The results show that within the scope of virtual welding analysis study, the larger the welding current, the greater the compressive stress in the original pipe; and the faster the welding speed, the less the compressive stress in the original pipe.
关键词:pipe surfacing;residual stress;virtual research
摘要:Surfacing austenitic stainless steel on low carbon steel is an economical and operational method to improve corrosion resistance,which can effectively reduce the corrosion of carbon steels in industrial environment. At present,the stainless steel surfacing technology is widely used to the inner wall of the oil pipeline,the inside wall of pressure vessel and the anticorrosion of turbine blade. However,in the actual project,there are still some unsatisfactory cases of anti-corrosion. Orthogonal experiments are used to optimize the welding parameters of austenitic stainless steel electrostatic cladding on Q235 steel. The optimal welding parameters are current of 390 A,voltage of 32 V,and welding speed at 26 m/h. 3%,6%,9% chromium-nitride alloy powders are respectively added in the welding flux to research the influence of N element on the microstructure and corrosion-resistance property of surfacing layer.Ferric chloride immersion test,10% oxalic acid test and polarization curve test show that adding chromium carbide can improve the potential of pitting corrosion,stabilize passivation coating,restrain the formation of chromium carbide,reduce the degree of poor-chromium,enhance the ability of intergranular corrosion resistance and improve the self-corrosion potential in 3.5%NaCl.
摘要:The microstructure characteristics and properties of TIG welded joint of C-276 alloy are studied by OM and other technologies,the corrosion resistance of the weld and base metal in acid and neutral solutions are also investigated. The results show that the microstructure of weld is austenite, and its appearance is columnar and equiaxed. The microstructure of HAZ consists of coarsen austenite and blocky and strip intermetallic compounds. The hardness test shows that the weld microhardness is minimum and about 260 HV. The electrochemical testing indicates that the corrosion resistance of the weld in an acidic environment is weaker than that of the base metal,and the corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the weld are higher than that of the base metal. However, in a neutral environment,the corrosion resistance of the weld is similar to that of the base metal.
摘要:Fe-Cr-C-B-Ti-B4C wear resistant surfacing layer is prepared on Q235 substrate by automatic CO2 gas shielded welding.Microstructure and performance of the surfacing layer are studied by metallographic microscope,X ray diffractometer,hardness tester and abrasive wear machine. The results show that addition of B4C has significant effect on the variety,morphology and quantity of the microstructure,which further affects the hardness and wear resistance of the surfacing layer. The microstructure of surfacing layer without B4C is composed of needle-type martensite,retained austenite and eutectic structure;and after adding B4C,the microstructure of surfacing layer is cellular primary austenite and eutectic structure. With the increase of B4C content,the hardness of the surfacing layer improves gradually,while its wear loss increases firstly and then decreased. When the content of B4C is 20%,the wear resistance of the surfacing layer is the best.
摘要:Mesh transition, an ordinary method is utilized to realize the non-uniform grid division of weld area,HAZ and base metal zone in order to assure the precision and efficiency of finite element modeling in welding process,which is the major cause of more meshing time and bad efficiency. Based on the model of mesh transition,a butt-joint transition algorithm is compiled by the secondary development of Hyper Mesh software in the use of TCL/TK language and visual interface operation is also realized. The example shows that less pre-processing and higher division efficiency can be achieved by the means of secondary development.
摘要:Curren t industrial production has put forward higher requirements for welding technology,the optimization of traditional welding methods attracts more and more attention. The external magnetic field acting on the arc plasma will cause a significant change in the arc behavior,which affects the droplet transfer and the forming process of molten pool and ultimately influences the appearance of weld and the quality of welded joint. The research progress of welding behavior under the external magnetic field is mainly introduced,including the effects of external magnetic field on arc morphology,parameter distribution,droplet transfer process,and the formation of molten pool and the appearance of weld. Comparing with the traditional welding,under external magnetic field,the droplet transfer frequency increases,the grain of the weld microstructure is more fine and uniform,and the mechanical properties of welded joint improves.
关键词:magnetic field;welding arc;droplet transition;appearance of weld
摘要:The long-term friction between bearing outer ring and bearing table in CNG compressor causes excessive tolerance and results in great vibration and noise,which has seriously affected the normal operation of the equipment. For above problems,the oxygen-acetylene flame spraying repair technique of bearing outer ring is researched. The results show that this method can minimize the deformation of the workpiece,and the coating is closely combined to meet the requirements of use. It can effectively solve the problems of vibration and noise caused by excessive tolerance between parts,thus effectively prolonging the service life of the bearing outer ring in CNG compressor. The method is simple,economical and worthy of being popularized in production.
摘要:Pressure vessels with quick opening closure are widely used in chemical,aerospace,medical,natural gas and other industrial fields. Quick opening closure is the key equipment for the gas pipeline,and is subject to foreign markets for a long time,which seriously impacts on the present development of China’s nature gas industry. Especially,foreign companies have a monopoly on the high-pressure and large-diameter quick opening closure in the international market. In 2015,successful trial production of localization of quick opening closure broke the foreign monopoly. As the increasing domestic demands of quick opening closure,the welding deformation and leakage problems of quick opening closure and pressure vessel shell are increasing. By summarizing years of welding experience of quick opening closure equipment,measures such as drawing up the welding instructions,welder getting a certificate,the prevention and control of welding deformation are adopted and obtain a good effect,which can provide reference and reference for peers.
关键词:quick opening closure;pressure vessel;welding deformation;concentration of stress
摘要:In recent years, the market-oriented economy is becoming increasingly international,and the standardization demands of markets are higher and higher. ISO3834 welding quality system for fusion welding of metallic materials is one of effective ways to connect international markets and welding manufactures,and also is a necessary qualification to cooperate with some relative international corporation.With the introduction and promotion of this series of standards,it is accepted and recognized well by more and more enterprises. The structure of ISO3834 welding quality system for fusion welding of metallic materials is introduced,and combining the actual application of enterprises,the requirements and main work matters of this quality system are introduced from the qualification of welding personnel,welding procedure qualification report(WPQR),welding filler material management and welding workshop management.