The X ray diffraction method（XRD） was used to test the welding residual stress in the same part of the side beam of the bogie in the processes of production and fatigue test. The change rules of the welding residual stress in the processes of production and service were obtained,which provided theoretical support for improving the manufacturing process of the bogie. The results showed that the surface for incoming side beam existed compressive stress. Residue pressure with non-uniform distribution and high tensile stress was found in the bogie parts after welding and heat repairing. After heat treatment, welding residual stress was greatly reduced,the residual stress tends to be uniform. After sandblasting,the residual stress on the beam surface was changed from tensile stress into favorable compressive stress,which benefited the fatigue property. After frame fatigue test of 6 million cycles,the residual compressive stress relaxation did not occur. After fatigue test of 12 million cycles, the residual compressive stress on the surface significantly decreased,while the stress was relaxed and redistributed to be more uniform.