钛合金/不锈钢异种金属连接中间层的研究进展
Research Progress on Interlayers for Joining Titanium Alloy/Stainless Steel Dissimilar Metals
- 2026年56卷第7期 页码:71-80
收稿:2025-04-11,
修回:2025-08-07,
纸质出版:2026-07-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.07.09
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收稿:2025-04-11,
修回:2025-08-07,
纸质出版:2026-07-20
移动端阅览
钛合金/不锈钢异种金属构件综合了钛合金的高比强度、耐蚀性和不锈钢的力学性能及经济性,在航空航天、核能、石油化工等领域具有重要的工程应用价值。然而,由于Ti与Fe的物理化学性能差异显著,直接焊接时不可避免地生成TiFe、TiFe
2
等脆性金属间化合物(IMCs),导致接头开裂、性能劣化。添加金属中间层被认为是抑制脆性IMCs、实现钛/钢高质量连接的有效途径。本文从中间层材料体系的角度,系统综述了纯金属、合金、复合金属及高熵合金四类中间层在钛/钢异种金属连接中的研究进展,重点梳理了各类中间层的设计原则、界面反应机制及对接头力学性能的影响规律,并通过对比分析揭示了不同中间层体系的适用性与局限性。综述发现,纯金属中间层成分简单、界面反应可控,但难以同时兼顾Ti侧和Fe侧的冶金相容性;合金中间层可通过成分设计调控界面产物,但多元合金自身仍形成脆性相;复合金属中间层采用“功能梯度”策略分段匹配两侧相容性,接头性能整体最优,但对层间界面控制精度要求较高;高熵合金中间层利用高熵效应和迟滞扩散效应从源头抑制脆性相生成,虽研究尚处于初期,但发展潜力较大。在此基础上,从新型低铜低钴中间层开发及界面IMCs生成与生长机理研究等方面展望了未来研究方向,以期为高性能钛/钢异种金属连接的结构设计与工程应用提供参考。
Titanium alloy/stainless steel dissimilar metal components combine the high specific
strength and corrosion resistance of titanium alloys with the mechanical performance and economic efficiency of stainless steel
possessing significant engineering application value in aerospace
nuclear energy
petrochemical and other fields. However
due to the significant differences in physical and chemical properties between Ti and Fe
direct welding inevitably produces brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as TiFe and TiFe
2
leading to joint cracking and performance degradation. The addition of metallic interlayers is considered an effective approach to suppress brittle IMCs and achieve high-quality Ti/steel joints. From the perspective of interlayer material systems
this paper systematically reviews the research progress of four types of interlayers — pure metals
alloys
composite metals
and high-entropy alloys — in the joining of Ti/steel dissimilar metals
focusing on the design principles
interfacial reaction mechanisms
and effects on joint mechanical properties of each interlayer category
and revealing the applicability and limitations of different interlayer systems through comparative analysis. The review finds that pure metal interlayers have simple compositions and controllable interfacial reactions
but are difficult to simultaneously accommodate the metallurgical compatibility on both the Ti side and the Fe side; alloy interlayers can regulate interfacial products through composition design
yet the multi-element alloys themselves still form brittle phases; composite metal interlayers adopt a "functionally graded" strategy to match the compatibility of both sides in stages
achieving the best overall joint performance
but requiring higher precision in controlling inter-layer interfaces; high-entropy alloy interlayers utilize the high-entropy effect and sluggish diffusion effect to suppress brittle phase formation from the source
and although research is still in its early stage
they hold considerable development potential. On this basis
future research directions are pr
ospected from the aspects of developing novel low-copper low-cobalt interlayers and elucidating the generation and growth mechanisms of interfacial IMCs
aiming to provide references for the structural design and engineering application of high-performance Ti/steel dissimilar metal joints.
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