海上风电桩用S355J2G3厚板FGB埋弧焊接头残余应力与变形的数值模拟

王飞; 孔帅; 冉卫国; 白冰; 肖明颖

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.06.12

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海上风电桩用S355J2G3厚板FGB埋弧焊接头残余应力与变形的数值模拟
Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress and Deformation of FGB Submerged Arc Welded Joints in S355J2G3 Thick Plates for Offshore Wind Power Piles
2026年56卷第6期页码：92-104
收稿：2025-09-23，

修回：2025-11-04，

纸质出版：2026-06-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.06.12
稿件说明：

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王飞，孔帅，冉卫国，等.海上风电桩用S355J2G3厚板FGB埋弧焊接头残余应力与变形的数值模拟［J］.电焊机，2026，56（6）：92-104. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.06.12.

WANG Fei, KONG Shuai, RAN Weiguo, et al.Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress and Deformation of FGB Submerged Arc Welded Joints in S355J2G3 Thick Plates for Offshore Wind Power Piles[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(6): 92-104. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.06.12.

摘要

针对海上风电桩用S355J2G3低合金高强钢20 mm厚板，建立FGB埋弧焊热-力耦合有限元模型，对比单面单道、单面双道、单面三道及双面多道4种焊接顺序下的温度场、应力场与变形特征，采用盲孔法和热电偶实测分别验证应力场与温度场模型。研究发现，单面单道焊热影响区（HAZ）过热区宽度达38.3 mm，存在显著晶粒粗化风险。随焊道层数增加，熔池峰值温度和过热区宽度分别降低22.4%和23.7%，有效缓解了组织过热。焊接残余应力以纵向拉应力为主，单面单道焊峰值达585 MPa，层数增加使峰值降低6.3%，双面焊进一步降低2.6%。多道焊虽可降低残余应力峰值，但会引发

轴应力反转和

轴应力交变，增加层状撕裂风险。

轴变形占比达52%~78%，单面焊最大变形量为1.8 mm，呈“V”形凹陷；双面双道焊则表现出优异的变形抑制能力。本研究为高强钢厚板焊接残余应力控制与结构变形优化提供了理论支撑与工艺依据。

Abstract

A thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model for FGB submerged arc welding (SAW) was established for 20 mm thick S355J2G3 low-alloy high-strength steel plates used in offshore wind power piles. The temperature field

stress field

and deformation characteristics under four welding sequences—single-side single-pass

single-side double-pass

single-side triple-pass

and double-side multi-pass—were compared. The stress and temperature field models were validated by blind-hole drilling method and thermocouple measurements

respectively.

Results

show that the overheated zone width in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) extending 38.3 mm

posing a significant risk of grain coarsening. As the number of weld passes increases

the peak molten pool temperature and overheated zone width decrease by 22.4 % and 23.7 %

respectively

effectively mitigating microstructural overheating. Welding residual stress is dominated by longitudinal tensile stress

peaking at 585 MPa in single-side single-pass welding. Increasing the number of passes reduces this peak by 6.3%

and double-side welding achieves a further 2.6% reduction. Although multi-pass welding lowers the residual stress peak

it induces Z-direction stress reversal and Y-direction alternating stress

increasing the risk of lamellar tearing. Z-direction deformation accounts for 52%-78% of total deformation

with the maximum deformation of 1.8 mm in single-side welding exhibiting a "V"-shaped profile

whereas double-side double-pass welding demonstrates superior deformation control. This study provides theoretical support and process guidance for residual stress control and structural deformation optimization in thick high-strength steel plate welding.

关键词

Keywords

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