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收稿：2025-11-18，
修回：2026-03-03，
纸质出版：2026-04-20
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为揭示热处理工艺对S355低合金高强度结构钢氢致开裂（HIC）敏感性的影响，采用水冷、油冷、空冷、炉冷四种冷却方式对S355钢进行1 050 ℃保温40 min热处理，通过硬度试验、拉伸试验、氢渗透试验和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了不同冷却方式下的S355钢硬度、强度、氢渗透行为以及氢致开裂敏感性。结果表明，冷却速率显著改变S355钢显微组织，水冷试样显微组织主要为板条马氏体，油冷试样显微组织主要为条状贝氏体和粒状贝氏体，空冷和炉冷试样中显微组织为铁素体+珠光体，且炉冷组织更为粗大。随冷却速度提升，钢材硬度与抗拉强度逐步升高。氢渗透试验结果表明，氢扩散系数随冷却速率增大而降低，水冷试样的氢扩散系数最小，炉冷试样的氢扩散系数最大。慢应变速率拉伸试验结果表明，水冷试样的氢脆指数最大，油冷、空冷试样的氢脆指数次之，炉冷试样的氢脆指数最小。HIC敏感性由高到低的排序为：水冷、油冷、空冷、炉冷。马氏体与贝氏体组织因高密度氢陷阱能强效捕获氢原子，显著提升氢脆与开裂风险；铁素体+珠光体组织氢陷阱少、氢扩散快，抗氢致开裂性能更优。研究结果为 S355 钢在含氢环境下的热处理工艺优化与安全服役提供数据支撑。
To reveal the effect of heat treatment on hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) susceptibility of S355 low-alloy high-strength structural steel
four cooling modes
namely water cooling
oil cooling
air cooling and furnace cooling
were adopted to conduct heat treatment on S355 steel at 1050 ℃ for 40 min. The hardness
strength
hydrogen permeation behavior and HIC susceptibility of S355 steel under different cooling modes were investigated by hardness test
tensile test
hydrogen permeation test and slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test. The results show that the cooling rate significantly changes the microstructure of S355 steel. The microstructure of water-cooled specimen is mainly lath martensite
that of oil-cooled specimen is mainly lath bainite and granular bainite
and those of air-cooled and furnace-cooled specimens are ferrite + pearlite
with the furnace-cooled microstructure being coarser. The hardness and tensile strength of the steel increase gradually with the increase of cooling rate. Hydrogen permeation test results indicate that the hydrogen diffusion coefficient decreases with the increase of cooling rate; the hydrogen diffusion coefficient of water-cooled specimen is the minimum
while that of furnace-cooled specimen is the maximum. SSRT test results demonstrate that the hydrogen embrittlement index of water-cooled specimen is the highest
followed by oil-cooled and air-cooled specimens
and that of furnace-cooled specimen is the lowest. The HIC susceptibility in descending order is water cooling
oil cooling
air cooling and furnace cooling. Martensite and bainite microstructures can strongly trap hydrogen atoms due to high-density hydrogen traps
which significantly increases the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and cracking. In contrast
ferrite + pearlite microstructure has fewer hydrogen traps and faster hydrogen diffusion
exhibiting better resistance to HIC. The research results provide data support for the heat treatment process optimization and safe service of S355 steel in hydrogen-containing environments.
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