选区激光熔化成形Ti31钛合金显微组织与力学性能研究
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti31 Titanium Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
- 2026年56卷第3期 页码:60-66
收稿:2025-12-21,
修回:2026-02-03,
纸质出版:2026-03-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.03.08
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收稿:2025-12-21,
修回:2026-02-03,
纸质出版:2026-03-20
移动端阅览
为探究选区激光熔化(SLM)成形Ti31钛合金的组织与性能特征,明确热处理对其的影响,为核动力装置增材制造余热排出换热器的应用提供理论依据,采用SLM技术成形制备Ti31钛合金试样,观察其沉积态和800 ℃/4 h退火处理后的显微组织,并开展室温拉伸性能测试和断口形貌分析。结果表明,SLM成形Ti31组织致密,无明显缺陷。沉积态组织可观察到平均宽度110 μm的初生β晶粒,初生β晶粒内部为网篮状交错排列的针状α′马氏体,α′马氏体呈现明显的分级现象且与β晶界呈现45°的夹角关系。800 ℃/4 h退火处理后,初生β晶粒较为稳定,α′相发生粗化,转变为片层状的α相,片层组织仍然维持网篮状的交错排列特征。沉积态的抗拉强度达到969 MPa以上,延伸率达到15.5%以上;经800 ℃/4 h退火处理后,抗拉强度降低至795 MPa左右,延伸率有所提高,达到19%以上。SLM成形Ti31沉积态和退火态的强度均高于锻件,退火态的延伸率也达到了锻件的水平。沉积态拉伸断裂方式为脆性+塑性断裂,退火态拉伸断裂方式为塑性断裂。本研究可为增材制造余热排出换热器在核动力装置上的应用提供理论支撑。
Ti31 titanium alloy was fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructures of both the as-deposited and annealed conditions were examined
and room-temperature tensile tests along with fracture morphology analysis were conducted. The results show that the SLM-formed Ti31 exhibits a dense structure without significant defects. In the as-deposited state
primary β grains with an average width of approximately 110 μm were observed
within which a basket-weave interlacing pattern of acicular α′ martensite was present. The α′ martensite displayed distinct hierarchical characteristics and maintained an approximately 45° angle relationship with the β grain boundaries. After annealing at 800 ℃ for 4 h
the primary β grains remained relatively stable
while the α′ phase coarsened and transformed into lamellar α phase. The lamellar structure retained the basket-weave interlacing arrangement. The as-deposited material achieved a tensile strength exceeding 969 MPa and an elongation above 15.5%. Following the 800 ℃/4 h annealing treatment
the tensile strength decreased to about 795 MPa
while the elongation increased to over 19%. Both the as-deposited and annealed conditions of SLM-formed Ti31 exhibited higher strength than forged counterparts
and the elongation of the annealed condition reached a level comparable to that of forged material. Tensile fracture of the as-deposited condition exhibited a mixed brittle and ductile mode
whereas the annealed condition showed ductile fracture characteristics. This study provides theoretical support for the application of additively manufactured residual heat removal heat exchangers in nuclear power systems.
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