SUS304不锈钢厚大构件电子束焊的变形预测及验证

张玉胜; 毕涛; 兰涛; 谢杨; 杨作时; 邓德安

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.12

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SUS304不锈钢厚大构件电子束焊的变形预测及验证
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Deformation in Thick Large-sized Structural Stainless Steel SUS304 Electron Beam Welding
2026年56卷第1期页码：88-95
收稿：2025-05-29，

修回：2025-09-13，

纸质出版：2026-01-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.12
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

张玉胜，毕涛，兰涛，等.SUS304不锈钢厚大构件电子束焊的变形预测及验证［J］.电焊机，2026，56（1）：88-95. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.12.

ZHANG Yusheng, BI Tao, LAN Tao, et al.Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Deformation in Thick Large-sized Structural Stainless Steel SUS304 Electron Beam Welding[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(1): 88-95. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.12.

摘要

真空电子束焊广泛应用于厚大结构的生产中，厚大结构产生的焊接变形问题备受关注。本文以腹板板厚为40 mm，翼板板厚为54 mm和47 mm厚的SUS304不锈钢工字结构为研究对象，采用真空电子束焊来焊接工字结构的腹板与翼板，并利用MetraSCAN 3D扫描仪测量结构焊后的变形。基于测量结果，考察结构拘束对厚大结构焊接变形的影响。同时，以MSC.Marc 有限元软件为平台，开发基于增强移动热源模型的高效“热-弹-塑性有限元方法”来对焊接变形进行数值模拟。数值模拟结果与实验结果的比较表明，采用该热源模型可以较精确地模拟厚大工字结构焊接变形，综合吻合度可达90%。此外，数值模拟结果和实验结果表明，采用结构拘束能有效控制焊接变形。

Abstract

Vacuum electron beam welding has been widely used in the production of thick and large structures

and the welding distortion problem of thick and large structures is of great concern. In this study

the SUS304 stainless steel I-beam structure with a web thickness of 40 mm

and flange thicknesses of 54 mm and 47 mm as the research object

and vacuum electron beam welding was used to weld the flange and web of the I-beam structure. The deformation of the structure after welding was measured by the MetraSCAN 3D scanner. Based on the measurement results

the influence of structural restraint on the welding distortion of thick and large structures was examined. At the same time

a "thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method" with enhanced length moving heat source model was developed based on MSC. Marc software to simulate temperature field and welding distortion. The comparison between the simulation results and experimental measurements shows that the heat source model with enhanced length can calculate the welding distortion of thick and large I-beam structure with a high precision

and the overall consistency is up to 90%. In addition

both the numerical simulation and the measured data suggest that the structural restraint method can effectively control welding deformation.

关键词

Keywords

references

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