热输入对Q355D中厚板焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

袁晓东; 杨凤琦; 刘志军; 张元彬

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.08

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热输入对Q355D中厚板焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响
Influence of Heat Input on the Welding Structure and Mechanical Properties of Q355D Medium-Thick Plates
2026年56卷第1期页码：59-66
收稿：2024-11-27，

修回：2025-03-31，

纸质出版：2026-01-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.08
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

袁晓东，杨凤琦，刘志军，等.热输入对Q355D中厚板焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响［J］.电焊机，2026，56（1）：59-66. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.08.

YUAN Xiaodong, YANG Fengqi, LIU Zhijun, et al.Influence of Heat Input on the Welding Structure and Mechanical Properties of Q355D Medium-Thick Plates[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(1): 59-66. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.08.

摘要

随着大型挖掘机中厚板焊接需求的增长，提升中厚板焊接效率愈发关键。以30 mm厚Q355D低合金钢为对象，采用

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1.2 mm ER50-6焊丝进行多层多道混合气体保护焊，对比分析了两种不同热输入焊接工艺参数（WP-01和WP-02）对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明，两种参数下焊缝成形良好，但组织和性能存在差异。WP-01低热输入条件下，焊缝区组织主要为细小的铁素体和贝氏体，过热区出现少量马氏体，晶粒细小；WP-02高热输入条件下，焊缝区贝氏体含量增加，过热区形成粗大铁素体、珠光体和魏氏组织，晶粒粗化。WP-01和WP-2焊接接头均具有较好的抗拉性能，屈服强度和抗拉强度均满足要求。WP-01试样因晶粒细小，冲击韧性显著高于 WP-02。然而，WP-01 试样在弯曲试验中焊缝根部出现裂纹，不符合合格标准；WP-02 试样则无裂纹出现，满足要求。平均抗拉强度为532.5 MPa，WP-02为530 MPa，屈服强度最低值均为360 MPa，焊接接头抗拉性能满足要求。WP-01 焊接接头硬度高于 WP-02，主要原因是 WP-02 热输入更高，冷却速度更慢，淬硬倾向降低。综合考虑各项性能指标，大电流焊接工艺WP-02采用高焊接热输入，在保证焊接接头力学性能的同时，显著提高了焊接效率，更适用于 Q355D 中厚板焊接工艺。

Abstract

With the increasing demand for medium and thick plate welding in large excavators

improving the welding efficiency of medium and thick plates has become increasingly crucial. Taking a 30 mm thick Q355D low - alloy steel as the research object

multi-layer and multi - pass mixed gas shielded welding was carried out using a

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1.2 mm ER50-6 welding wire. The effects of two different heat input welding process parameters (WP-01 and WP-02) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were compared and analyzed. The results show that the weld formation is good under both parameter conditions

but there are differences in microstructure and properties. Under the low-heat-input condition of WP-01

the microstructure in the weld zone is mainly fine ferrite and ba

inite

with a small amount of martensite appearing in the overheated zone and fine grains. Under the high-heat-input condition of WP-02

the bainite content in the weld zone increases

and coarse ferrite

pearlite and Widmanstätten structure are formed in the overheated zone

with grain coarsening. Both WP-01 and WP-02 welded joints have good tensile properties

and the yield strength and tensile strength meet the requirements. Due to the fine grains

the impact toughness of the WP-01 specimen is significantly higher than that of the WP-02 specimen. However

cracks appear at the root of the weld in the WP-01 specimen during the bending test and do not meet the qualification criteria; while no cracks appear in the WP-02 specimen

meeting the requirements. The average tensile strength is 532.5 MPa for WP-01 and 530 MPa for WP-02

and the minimum yield strength of both is 360 MPa

indicating that the tensile properties of the welded joints meet the requirements. The hardness of the WP-01 welded joint is higher than that of the WP-02 welded joint. The main reason is that the higher heat input of WP-02 results in a slower cooling rate and reduced hardenability tendency. Considering all performance indicators comprehensively

the high-current welding process WP-02

which adopts high welding heat input

not only ensures the mechanical properties of the welded joint but also significantly improves the welding efficiency. Therefore

it is more suitable for the welding process of Q355D medium and thick plates.

关键词

Keywords

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