氮气保护对热丝激光增材制备316L奥氏体不锈钢组织与性能的影响

郑诚玉; 李广; 陈计澎; 苏国兴; 石玗; 顾玉芬

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.07

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氮气保护对热丝激光增材制备316L奥氏体不锈钢组织与性能的影响
The Influence of Nitrogen Protection on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Hot-Wire Laser Additive Manufacturing
2026年56卷第1期页码：51-58
收稿：2025-04-25，

修回：2025-05-16，

纸质出版：2026-01-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.07
稿件说明：

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郑诚玉，李广，陈计澎，等.氮气保护对热丝激光增材制备316L奥氏体不锈钢组织与性能的影响［J］.电焊机，2026，56（1）：51-58. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.07.

ZHENG Chengyu, LI Guang, CHEN Jipeng, et al.The Influence of Nitrogen Protection on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Hot-Wire Laser Additive Manufacturing[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(1): 51-58. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.07.

摘要

以316L不锈钢焊丝作为沉积材料，分别研究了纯N

和纯Ar保护气氛对热丝激光增材制造（LAM）试样微观组织、力学性能及晶界腐蚀行为的影响规律。结果表明：增材试样组织主要为奥氏体，枝晶间分布少量铁素体，Ar试样的含氮量为0.047%，N

试样的含氮量为0.052%。N

试样枝晶间距较少，晶粒取向以

001

为主，Ar试样枝晶较大，晶粒取向以

101

为主。N

试样的抗拉强度（602.9 MPa）与屈服强度（430.6 MPa）较Ar试样（541.6 MPa、411.0 MPa）分别提升11.3%和4.8%，同时延伸率保持43.6%。N

试样的腐蚀速率较Ar试样低，氮元素通过减缓贫铬区形成及晶粒细化，协同阻碍腐蚀的扩展。研究结果为N

保护增材

制造奥氏体不锈钢提供了试验依据和理论指导。

Abstract

This study utilized 316L stainless steel welding wire as the deposition material to systematically investigate the effects of nitrogen and argon shielding gas atmospheres on the microstructure

mechanical properties

and intergranular corrosion behavior of hot-wire laser additive manufacturing (LAM) specimens. The results revealed that the additively manufactured samples primarily exhibited an austenitic matrix with minor ferrite distributed along dendrites. The nitrogen content was 0.047 wt.% in argon-protected samples and 0.052 wt.% in nitrogen-protected samples. Nitrogen-protected samples displayed reduced secondary dendrite arm spacing

predominantly featuring a <001> grain orientation

whereas argon-protected samples exhibited larger dendrites and a predominant <101> orientation. Nitrogen-protected samples demonstrated superior mechanical properties

achieving tensile strength (602.9 MPa) and yield strength (430.6 MPa) values 11.3% and 4.8% higher than those of argon-protected samples (541.6 MPa

411.0 MPa)

respectively

while maintaining an elongation of 43.6%. The corrosion rate of nitrogen-protected samples was lower than that of argon-protected samples. Nitrogen was identified as a critical factor in mitigating chromium depletion zone formation and refining grains

synergistically suppressing intergranular corrosion propagation. These findings provide experimental and theoretical guidance for optimizing nitrogen-shielded additive manufacturing of austenitic stainless steels.

关键词

Keywords

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