5056铝合金水分配器焊接工艺仿真分析与优化
Welding Process Simulation Analysis and Optimization of 5056 Aluminum Alloy Water Distributors
- 2025年55卷第12期 页码:100-106
收稿:2024-11-25,
修回:2025-04-02,
纸质出版:2025-12-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.12.14
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收稿:2024-11-25,
修回:2025-04-02,
纸质出版:2025-12-20
移动端阅览
针对5056铝合金水分配器电子束焊接后焊缝区域出现开裂的问题,本研究采用Simufact.welding软件,通过焊接过程仿真方法,系统分析了不同结构形式与焊接工艺方案对焊接热影响区(HAZ)及焊后残余应力的影响规律。设计了五种对比方案:原始结构(方案1)、切线收弧(方案2)、盖板增加凸台(方案3)、增加盖板厚度(方案4)及降低焊接速度(方案5)。仿真结果表明:在盖板增加凸台(方案3)可显著减小热影响区宽度,盖板侧与壳体侧分别降低35.67%与15.67%;采用切线收弧(方案2)可使焊后最大残余应力降低2.56%。而增加盖板厚度(方案4)虽能减小盖板侧HAZ宽度22.82%,但对残余应力影响甚微;降低焊接速度(方案5)则会导致HAZ宽度增加。基于仿真结果,综合选取“盖板增加凸台并采用切线收弧”的优化方案进行试验验证。经1.5 MPa气压测试30分钟及导电氧化处理后,焊缝无裂纹出现,且批量生产质量稳定。本研究通过仿真与试验相结合,为5056铝合金水分配器的焊接工艺优化与开裂控制提供了有效依据。
To address the cracking problem in the weld zone of a 5056 aluminum alloy water distributor after electron beam welding
this study employed Simufact.welding software to systematically analyze the effects of different structural designs and welding process parameters on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and post-weld residual stress through welding process simulation. Five comparative schemes were designed: the original structure (Scheme 1)
tangential arc closing (Scheme 2)
adding a boss on the cover plate (Scheme 3)
increasing the cover plate thickness (Scheme 4)
and reducing the welding speed (Scheme 5). Simulation results indicated that adding a boss on the cover plate (Scheme 3) significantly reduced the HAZ width
with decreases of 35.67% on the cover side and 15.67% on the shell side
respectively. Using tangential arc closing (Scheme 2) reduced the maximum residual stress by 2.56%. While increasing the cover plate thickness (Scheme 4) reduced the HAZ width on the cover side by 22.82%
it had a negligible effect on residual stress. Reducing the welding speed (Scheme 5) increased the HAZ width. Based on the simulation results
an optimized scheme combining "adding a boss on the cover plate with tangential arc closing" was selected for experimental verification. After pressure testing at 1.5 MPa for 30 minutes and conductive oxidation treatment
no cracks were observed in the weld
and batch production demonstrated consistent quality. This study
combining simulation and experiment
provides an effective basis for welding process optimization and crack control in 5056 aluminum alloy water distributors.
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