异种钛合金管对接焊缝失效机理分析
Analysis of Failure Mechanism in Butt Welds of Dissimilar Titanium Alloy Tubes
- 2025年55卷第11期 页码:82-89
收稿:2024-12-20,
修回:2025-03-04,
纸质出版:2025-11-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.11.11
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收稿:2024-12-20,
修回:2025-03-04,
纸质出版:2025-11-20
移动端阅览
为明确Ti-2Al-2.5Zr与Ti-4Al-2V异种钛合金对接接头的服役可靠性及失效机制,通过自动脉冲TIG焊制备接头,开展了焊缝微观组织表征、硬度测试、拉伸和疲劳性能测试,并进行了拉伸和疲劳断口分析。结果表明:焊缝中心为取向性较明显的片层与集束,针状和片状α′马氏体相交织成“网篮状”组织,晶粒较为粗大,两侧熔合线区域组织更密集、晶粒相对细小;接头硬度呈不对称分布,Ti-2Al-2.5Zr母材硬度低于Ti-4Al-2V,焊缝最高硬度出现在焊缝中心与Ti-4Al-2V侧熔合线附近,最低值位于Ti-2Al-2.5Zr母材。两种钛合金在300~400 ℃区间均具有一定的热稳定性,对温度不敏感,对接焊缝拉伸性能介于两种母材之间。母材和对接焊缝的室温与高温拉伸断口均呈现典型韧性断裂特征。焊缝
S
-
N
曲线可大致表达为
<math id="M1"><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2.5</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">10.29</mn></mrow></msup></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=95641750&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=95641769&type=
17.69533348
3.55599999
,350 ℃下的疲劳寿命由应力主导,疲劳裂纹起源于试样表面,扩展区呈河流花样特征,脆性穿晶断裂是焊接接头疲劳失效的主要模式。
To clarify the service reliability and failure mechanisms of Ti-2Al-2.5Zr and Ti-4Al-2V dissimilar titanium alloy butt joints, joints were prepared using automatic pulsed TIG welding. Microstructural characterization of the weld seam, hardness testing, tensile and fatigue property evaluations were conducted, along with fracture surface analyses of both tensile and fatigue specimens. Results indicate that the weld center exhibits a pronounced orientation of lamellar and packet structures, with needle-like and plate-shaped α′ martensitic phases interweaving to form a "basket-weave" microstructure characterized by relatively coarse grains. The fusion boundary regions on both sides display denser microstructures with relatively finer grains. Joint hardness shows an asymmetric distribution: the base metal hardness of Ti-2Al-2.5Zr is lower than that of Ti-4Al-2V. The maximum weld hardness occurs at the weld center and near the fusion boundary adjacent to the Ti-4Al-2V side, while the minimum value appears in the Ti-2Al-2.5Zr base metal. Both titanium alloys demonstrate thermal stability within the temperatur
e range of 300-400 ℃, showing low sensitivity to temperature variations. The tensile properties of the welded joint fall between those of the two base materials. Room-temperature and elevated-temperature tensile fracture surfaces of both base metals and weld seams exhibit typical ductile fracture characteristics. The S-N curve of the weld can be approximated as [
N
f
σ
2.5
=10
10.29
]. At 350 ℃, fatigue life is stress-controlled, with crack initiation occurring at the specimen surface. The propagation zone displays river pattern features, and brittle transgranular fracture constitutes the primary failure mode for the welded joint under fatigue loading.
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