基于直热式单晶LaB6阴极的电子束焊接研究
Research on Electron Beam Welding based on Directly Heated Single Crystal LaB6 Cathode
- 2025年55卷第11期 页码:54-63
收稿:2025-01-17,
修回:2025-03-12,
纸质出版:2025-11-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.11.08
移动端阅览

浏览全部资源
扫码关注微信
收稿:2025-01-17,
修回:2025-03-12,
纸质出版:2025-11-20
移动端阅览
详细研究了直热式单晶六硼化镧(LaB
6
)阴极在电子束焊机中的应用。在实验室原有电子束焊机基础上,设计增加了束斑直径测量装置并进行了电子枪发射能力、阴极寿命及焊缝成形测试。结果显示,与钨(W)阴极相比,LaB
6
阴极不仅束斑直径小、电子束能量集中、而且寿命更长、焊缝深宽比更大。5 mA发射束流下,LaB
6
阴极束斑直径为W阴极的1/5;在焊接功率3.6 kW、速度4 mm/s的条件下,LaB
6
阴极能轻松焊透20 mm不锈钢板,焊缝深宽比是W阴极的2倍;此外,LaB
6
阴极寿命大于100 h,约为W阴极的10倍。本研究结合实验数据,证明了LaB
6
阴极相对于W阴极具有显著优势,为LaB
6
阴极在电子束焊接领域的应用提供了重要参考价值。
The application of directly heated single crystal lanthanum hexaboride(LaB
6
)cathodes in electron beam welding machines is deeply studied in this paper. Based on a original laboratory electron beam welding machine
a beam spot diameter measurement device was designed
and tests on the emission capacity of the electron gun
cathode life
and weld formation were carried out. The results show that compared with tungsten (W) cathode
the LaB
6
cathode not only has a smaller beam spot diameter and more concentrated
electron beam energy
but also has a longer lifespan anda larger depth-to-width ratio of the weld seam. At an emission beam current of 5 mA
the beam spot diameter of the LaB
6
cathode is only 1/5 that of the W cathode. Under the conditions of a welding power of 3.6 kW and a speed of 4 mm/s
the LaB
6
cathode can easily penetrate a 20 mm thick stainless-steel plate
and the depth - to - width ratio of the weld is 2 times that of the W cathode. In addition
the lifespan of the LaB
6
cathode is greater than 100 h
approximately 10 times that of the W cathode. This studythat proves that the LaB
6
cathode has significant advantages over the W cathode
providing significant reference value for the application of LaB
6
cathodes in the field of electron beam welding.
焦博 , 果春焕 , 姜风春 . 电子束焊接在燃气轮机生产中的应用 [J]. 热力透平 , 2023 , 52 ( 01 ): 18 - 24 .
JIAO B , GUO C H , JIANG F C . Application of Electron Beam Welding in the Production of Gas Turbines [J]. Thermal Turbine , 2023 , 52 ( 01 ): 18 - 24 .
Węglowski M S , Błacha S , Phillips A . Electron beam welding-Techniques and trends-Review [J]. Vacuum , 2016 , 130 : 72 - 92 .
PATTERSON T , HOCHANADEL J , SUTTON S , et al . A review of high energy density beam processes for welding and additive manufacturing applications [J]. Welding in the World , 2021 , 65 ( 7 ): 1235 - 1306 .
张秉刚 , 吴林 , 冯吉才 . 国内外电子束焊接技术研究现状 [J]. 焊接 , 2004 ( 02 ): 5 - 8 .
ZHANG B G , WU L , FENG J C . Research Status of Electron Beam Welding Technology at Home and Abroad [J]. Welding & Joining , 2004 ( 02 ): 5 - 8 .
徐跃凡 , 茹亚东 , 左婷婷 , 等 . LaB₆阴极的制备、应用与展望 [J]. 电子显微学报 , 2024 , 43 ( 02 ): 240 - 250 .
XU Y F , RU Y D , ZUO T T , et al . Preparation, Application and Prospect of LaB₆ Cathode [J]. Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society , 2024 , 43 ( 02 ): 240 - 250 .
TANAKA T , BANNAI E , KAWAI S , et al . Growth of high purity LaB₆ single crystals by multi-float zone passage [J]. Journal of Crystal Growth , 1975 , 30 ( 2 ): 193 - 197 .
The Paton Welding Institute in Ukraine . Official website of the Paton Welding Institute [EB/OL]. http://paton.kiev.ua/en http://paton.kiev.ua/en [ 2024-12-25 ].
韩建德 , 王衍章 , 郑树起 , 等 . 电子束焊机六硼化镧阴极发射性能研究 [J]. 山东工业大学学报 , 2001 ( 04 ): 313 - 318 .
HAN J D , WANG Y Z , ZHENG S Q , et al . Research on the Emission Performance of Lanthanum Hexaboride Cathode in Electron Beam Welding Machines [J]. Journal of Shandong University of Technology , 2001 ( 04 ): 313 - 318 .
何成旦 , 李鹤岐 , 许启晋 . 大功率电子枪的新型LaB₆阴极 [J]. 焊接学报 , 2003 ( 04 ): 87 - 91 .
HE C D , LI H Q , XU Q J . A New LaB₆ Cathode for High-Power Electron Guns [J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution , 2003 ( 04 ): 87 - 91 .
Liu X , Dong Q , Chen H , et al . Electron Beam Emission System for Space Welding Based on Indirectly-Heated Bombardment Cathode [J]. Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics , 2022 , 17 ( 1 ): 136 - 146 .
Bao L H , Tegus O , Zhang J X , et al . Large emission current density of LaₓCe₁₋ₓB₆ high quality single crystals grown by floating zone technique [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds , 2013 , 558 : 39 - 43 .
缪加巍 , 伍岳 , 高召顺 , 等 . 热电子阴极材料LaB₆的单晶制备工艺与热发射性能研究 [J]. 电子显微学报 , 2020 , 39 ( 03 ): 256 - 260 .
MIAO J W , WU Y , GAO Z S , et al . Research on the Single Crystal Preparation Process and Thermionic Emission Properties of LaB₆ as a Thermionic Cathode Material [J]. Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society , 2020 , 39 ( 03 ): 256 - 260 .
Vogel S F . Pyrolytic graphite in the design of a compact inert heater of a lanthanum hexaboride cathode [J]. Review of Scientific Instruments , 1970 , 41 ( 4 ): 585 - 587 .
AP-TECH . Thermionic Emitters (TE) [EB/OL]. https :
// www.a-p-tech.com/catalog/p/thermio-nic-emitters www.a-p-tech.com/catalog/p/thermio-nic-emitters . [ 2025-02-26 ].
肖男 , 伍岳 , 高召顺 , 等 . 电子束阴极用LaB₆单晶的制备及其应用 [J]. 湘潭大学学报(自然科学版) , 2021 , 43 ( 01 ): 1 - 12 .
XIAO N , WU Y , GAO Z S , et al . Preparation and Application of LaB₆ Single Crystal for Electron Beam Cathode [J]. Journal of Xiangtan University (Natural Science Edition) , 2021 , 43 ( 01 ): 1 - 12 .
Chulkov I S , Goncharov A L , Dragunov V K , et al . The Features of LaB₆ Cathode Operation in a Technological Electron-Beam Gun [J]. Russian Electrical Engineering , 2021 , 92 ( 12 ): 767 - 771 .
袁志谦 , 周增林 , 李艳 , 等 . 钨及钨合金基体热阴极的研究进展 [J]. 材料导报 , 2025 , 39 ( 20 ): 160 - 167 .
YUAN Z Q , ZHOU Z L , LI Y , et al . Research Progress of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Matrix Thermionic Cathodes [J]. Materials Reports , 2025 , 39 ( 20 ): 160 - 167 .
Futamoto M , Nakazawa M , Usami K , et al . Thermionic emission properties of a single‐crystal LaB 6 cathode [J]. Journal of Applied Physics , 1980 , 51 ( 7 ): 3869 - 3876 .
刘燕文 , 尚新文 , 陆玉新 , 等 . 热阴极的研究进展 [J]. 真空 , 2025 , 62 ( 01 ): 1 - 9 .
LIU Y W , SHANG X W , LU Y X , et al . Research Progress of Thermionic Cathodes [J]. Vacuum , 2025 , 62 ( 01 ): 1 - 9 .
乔玉祥 . 电子束焊接技术基础研究 [J]. 机械工程师 , 2014 ( 06 ): 246 - 248 .
QIAO Y X . Basic Research on Electron Beam Welding Technology [J]. Mechanical Engineer , 2014 ( 06 ): 246 - 248 .
Tomie M , Abe N , Kato Y , et al . Development of high power electron gun for welding. Part 1.; Generation of EB with indirectly heated LaB6 cathode. Koshutsuryoku denshi bemu yosetsuyo denshiju no kaihatsu. 1.; Bonetsugata LaB6 inkyoku no denshi bemu shutsuryoku tokusei [J]. Koon Gakkai-Shi (Journal of High Temperature Society) , 1993 , 19 ( 5 ):[页码不详].
Nakajima T , Shiba K , Tamegaya K , et al . Automatic electron beam alignment adjustment system and automatic filament current adjustment system for electron beam welder [J]. Welding International , 2012 , 26 ( 10 ): 752 - 758 .
Carriere P R . Energy and charge transfer during electron beam melting [M]. McGill University (Canada) , 2018 .
Dilthey U , Goumeniouk A , Böhm S , et al . Electron beam diagnostics:a new release of the diabeam system [J]. Vacuum , 2001 , 62 ( 2-3 ): 77 - 85 .
Schultz H . Electron Beam Welding [M]. Cambridge : Abington Publishing , 2003 : 200 - 350 .
罗静 , 倪士勇 . 30kW/150kV 高压电子束焊机磁聚焦系统重要参数设计 [J]. 机电工程技术 , 2017 , 46 ( 1 ): 39 - 41 .
LUO J , NI S Y . Design of Important Parameters of Magnetic Focusing System for 30kW/150kV High-Voltage Electronic Welder [J]. Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology , 2017 , 46 ( 1 ): 39 - 41 .
相关作者
相关机构
公网安备11010802024621