基于响应曲面法的高强钢窄间隙激光-MAG复合焊焊缝成形规律研究

邢俣程; 张平则

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.10.15

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基于响应曲面法的高强钢窄间隙激光-MAG复合焊焊缝成形规律研究
Research on the Weld Forming Law of High-Strength Steel Narrow-Gap Laser-MAG Composite Welding based on Response Surface Method
2025年55卷第10期页码：131-147
收稿：2025-08-28，

纸质出版：2025-10-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.10.15
稿件说明：

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邢俣程，张平则.基于响应曲面法的高强钢窄间隙激光-MAG复合焊焊缝成形规律研究［J］.电焊机，2025，55（10）：131-147. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.10.15.

XING Yucheng, ZHANG Pingze.Research on the Weld Forming Law of High-Strength Steel Narrow-Gap Laser-MAG Composite Welding based on Response Surface Method[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2025, 55(10): 131-147. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.10.15.

摘要

为深入探讨高强钢窄间隙激光-MAG复合焊焊缝成形规律，以25 mm厚Q690高强钢为研究对象，采用响应曲面法（RSM）中的Box-Behnken Design（BBD）设计三因素三水平试验，系统探究激光功率（

）、焊接电流（

）、焊接速度（

）对打底、填充和盖面焊缝成形的影响规律。针对不同焊缝功能需求，分别选取熔深与熔合比（打底焊缝）、熔宽与侧壁熔合比（填充焊缝）、宽高比与熔合比（盖面焊缝）作为响应指标，构建各成形参数的二次回归预测模型，通过方差分析（ANOVA）验证模型显著性，并结合3D响应曲面与等值线图量化工艺参数与焊缝成形之间的关系。结果表明：打底焊缝中，激光功率对熔深影响最大，最优参数为3 800 W、240 A、0.7 m/min，可实现5.6~5.7 mm稳定熔深；填充焊缝中，焊接电流对熔宽影响最大，最优参数为2 200 W、260 A、0.7 m/min，可实现侧壁熔合比0.60 以上，且可根据坡口间距动态调整；盖面焊缝中，焊接速度对宽高比影响最大，最优参数为2 000 W、280 A、0.48 m/min，可获得宽高比7.0以上的平整成形。采用优化的工艺参数进行焊接试验，焊缝成形美观，无气孔、未熔合等缺陷，射线探伤结果达标。与传统电弧焊相比，该工艺使坡口填充面积减少50.4%，焊接热输入降低48.4%，焊接效率提升 47.8%，为Q690高强钢厚板结构的高效高质量焊接提供了可靠的工艺方案与理论支撑。

Abstract

To deeply investigate the forming rules of narrow gap laser-MAG hybrid welding seams of high-strength steel

25 mm thick Q690 high-strength steel was taken as the research object. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to design a three-factor and three-level experiment

systematically exploring the effects of laser power (P)

welding current (I)

and welding speed (V) on the forming of backing

filling

and cover seams. For different functional requirements of the seams

the melt depth and fusion ratio (backing seam)

melt width and sidewall fusion ratio (filling seam)

and width-to-height ratio and fusion ratio (cover seam) were selected as response indicators respectively. A quadratic regression prediction model for each forming parameter was constructed

the significance of the model was verified through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

and the relationship between process parameters and seam forming was quantified using 3D response surfaces and contour plots. The results showed that in the backing seam

the laser power had the greatest impact on the melt depth

with optimal parameters being 3

800 W

240 A

and 0.7 m/min

achieving a stable melt depth of 5.6~5.7 mm; in the filling seam

the welding current had the greatest impact on the melt width

with optimal parameters being 2

200 W

260 A

and 0.7 m/min

achieving a sidewall fusion ratio of more than 0.60

and it could be dynamically adjusted according to the groove spacing; in the cover seam

the welding speed had the greatest impact on the width-to-height ratio

with optimal parameters being 2

000 W

280 A

and 0.48 m/min

achieving a width-to-height ratio of more than 7.0 for smooth forming. Welding experiments were carried out using optimized process parameters

resulting in aesthetically pleasing seam formations without defects such as porosity or lack of fusion

and the radiographic inspection results met the standards. Compared with traditional arc welding

this process reduced the groove filling area by 50.4%

decreased the welding heat input by 48.4%

and increased the welding efficiency by 47.8%

providing a reliable process plan and theoretical support for the efficient and high-quality welding of Q690 high-strength steel thick plate structures.

关键词

Keywords

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