薄壁容器焊接变形控制与接头强化关键技术研究
Research on Key Technologies for Welding Deformation Control and Joint Reinforcement of Thin-Walled Containers
- 2025年55卷第10期 页码:114-121
收稿:2025-08-28,
纸质出版:2025-10-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.10.13
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收稿:2025-08-28,
纸质出版:2025-10-20
移动端阅览
针对铁路车辆用5.5 mm厚Q345E薄壁容器罐板对接焊缝的特殊工艺要求,对比分析了传统焊接方法与深熔氩弧焊(KTIG)、脉冲混合气体保护焊(脉冲MAG)、等离子焊(PAW)及等离子+氩弧焊(PAW+TIG)四种高效自动焊接技术的工艺特性。通过正交试验优化不同工况下的工艺参数组合,实现了单面焊双面成形的高质量焊接。结果表明,优化后的KTIG能实现450 mm/min的高速焊接,热输入较传统TIG降低40%,但焊接电流超480 A易引发熔池失稳;脉冲MAG在涂有底漆的工况下,热输入调整至8.5 kJ/cm后,塑韧性显著提高,气孔缺陷明显减少,可用于底漆薄板焊接;PAW受底漆挥发影响,易出现气孔与强度不合格;PAW+TIG综合性能最优,焊接效率最高,达500 mm/min,抗拉强度为490~525 MPa,低温韧性提高3倍以上,综合焊接效率提升1.5倍,但带底漆时韧性裕度不足。根据实际工况选择最优焊接方法及参数,可以为薄壁容器的规模化生产提供可靠的技术保障。
In response to the special process requirements of butt welding of 5.5 mm thick Q345E thin-walled container tank plate for railway vehicles
a comparative analysis of the process characteristics of traditional welding methods and four high-efficiency automatic welding technologies
including deep melting argon arc welding (KTIG)
pulsed mixed gas shielded welding (pulsed MAG)
plasma welding (PAW)
and plasma + argon arc welding (PAW+TIG)
was conducted. Through orthogonal experimental optimization of process parameter combinations under different working conditions
high-quality welding with single-sided welding and double-sided forming was achieved. The results show that the optimized KTIG can achieve high-speed welding of 450 mm/min
reducing the heat input by 40% compared to traditional TIG
but the welding current exceeding 480 A is prone to causing pool instability. Under the condition of coated primer
after adjusting the heat input to 8.5 kJ/cm
the plasticity and toughness of pulsed MAG are significantly improved
and the porosity defects are significantly reduced
making it suitable for welding thin plates with primer. PAW is easily affected by primer volatilization
leading to porosity and insufficient strength. PAW+TIG has the best comprehensive performance
with the highest welding efficiency of 500 mm/min
tensile strength of 490~525 MPa
more than three times improvement in low-temperature toughness
and a 1.5 times increase in comprehensive welding efficiency. However
when primed
the toughness margin is insufficient. According to actual working conditions
the optimal welding method and parameters can be selected to provide reliable technical support for the large-scale production of thin-walled containers.
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