结构胶对铝合金电阻点焊工艺的影响研究
Effect of Structural Adhesive on the Bonding Resistance Spot Welding Processof Aluminum Alloy
- 2025年55卷第9期 页码:124-133
收稿:2024-06-25,
修回:2024-08-19,
纸质出版:2025-09-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.09.13
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收稿:2024-06-25,
修回:2024-08-19,
纸质出版:2025-09-20
移动端阅览
为解决汽车轻量化趋势下铝合金点焊的气孔、裂纹等缺陷,系统探讨了结构胶对电阻点焊工艺参数及接头力学性能的影响机制。通过SORPAS数值模拟软件构建铝合金搭接模型(0.9 mm+1.5 mm),预测了焊接工艺窗口(电流25.5~38.4 kA,压力3~5 kN,时间60~120 ms),并优化推荐胶焊最佳参数为电流36.5 kA、压力4.85 kN、时间74 ms。基于正交试验设计,结合拉伸剪切测试与熔核直径分析,揭示了焊接参数对力学性能的敏感性规律:电流
>
压力
>
时间。试验数据表明,胶焊接头拉剪强度达10.86 kN,较传统点焊接头(3.65 kN)提升297%,且失效模式呈现双峰特征,表现为胶层断裂后焊点承载的渐进失效过程。通过多元回归建模,建立了拉剪强度与焊接参数的定量关系(R
2
=0.907),验证试验显示预测值(3.86 kN)与实测值(3.47~4.31 kN)均在95%预测区间(3.255~4.506 kN)。研究证明,结构胶通过增加界面电阻与塑性环稳定性,显著抑制飞溅缺陷,在38 kA、5 kN、60 ms的参数组合下可实现熔核直径7.31 mm与最大拉剪强度3.87 kN。
To address the issues of porosity and cracks in aluminum alloy spot welding under the trend of automobile weight reduction
this study systematically investigates the impact mechanism of structural adhesive on resistance spot welding process parameters and joint mechanical properties. Through the SORPAS numerical simulation software
an aluminum alloy lap model (0.9 mm+1.5 mm) was constructed. The welding process window was predicted to be a current of 25.5-38.4 kA
pressure of 3-5 kN
and time of 60-120 ms. The optimal parameters for adhesive welding were recommended as a current of 36.5 kA
pressure of 4.85 kN
and time of 74 ms. Based on orthogonal experimental design
combi
ned with tensile shear testing and nugget diameter analysis
the sensitivity order of welding parameters to mechanical properties was revealed: current
>
pressure
>
time. Experimental data showed that the tensile shear strength of the adhesive welded joint reached 10.86 kN
an increase of 297% compared to traditional spot welded joints (3.65 kN). The failure mode exhibited bimodal characteristics
manifesting as a progressive failure process after the adhesive layer ruptured. Through multiple regression modeling
a quantitative relationship between tensile shear strength and welding parameters was established (R
2
=0.907). Validation tests showed that the predicted value (3.86 kN) was within the 95% prediction interval (3.255-4.506 kN) of the actual measured values (3.47-4.31 kN). The research proves that the structural adhesive
by increasing interface resistance and stability of the plastic ring
significantly suppresses spatter defects. A nugget diameter of 7.31 mm and the maximum tensile shear strength of 3.87 kN can be achieved under the parameter combination of 38 kA
5 kN
and 60 ms.
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