7A52铝合金摆动激光-电弧复合送丝熔覆修复工艺研究
Research on the Oscillating Laser-arc Hybrid Wire-feeding Cladding of 7A52 Al Alloy for Repairing
- 2025年55卷第8期 页码:74-82
收稿:2024-10-10,
修回:2025-03-10,
纸质出版:2025-08-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.08.08
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收稿:2024-10-10,
修回:2025-03-10,
纸质出版:2025-08-20
移动端阅览
7A52铝合金零部件在服役过程中受到周期性高冲击载荷容易产生裂纹,送丝熔覆是修复此类裂纹的有效手段。为实现其高质量修复,提出采用激光-电弧复合送丝熔覆工艺,并采用7A48焊丝对6 mm坡口的7A52铝合金进行修复。研究结果表明,熔覆层与坡口底部、侧壁熔合良好,横截面气孔率低至0.067%,宏观成形质量良好。微观组织上,从熔合线至熔覆层中心依次呈现细晶区、柱状晶区以及等轴晶区,由于摆动激光对熔池的搅拌与枝晶破碎作用,柱状晶区宽度仅180 μm,晶粒细化效果明显,且晶粒生长方向一致,均从熔覆层边缘指向顶部中心。从母材至熔覆层顶部,合金强化元素Mg、Zn因高温烧损,质量分数分别下降8.6%和34.9%,熔池熔化导致母材中原有的轧制态微观组织与加工硬化效应消失,导致熔覆层硬度降至103~112 HV,低于母材。熔覆层平均抗拉强度达到320.9 MPa,平均延伸率为7.0%,断口以韧性断裂为特征,存在少量小型气孔与4~10 μm的韧窝。本研究通过摆动激光-电弧复合工艺实现了7A52铝合金的可靠修复,其创新在于利用摆动激光协同调控熔池流动与晶粒生长,有效降低气孔率并细化组织,为高强铝合金裂纹修复提供了新的工艺路径。
7A52 aluminum alloy components are prone to cracking under periodic high-impact loads during service. Wire feeding melting is an effective method to repair such cracks. To achieve high-quality repairs
a laser-arc hybrid wire feeding melting process is proposed
using 7A48 welding wire to repair the 7A52 aluminum alloy with a 6 mm groove. The research results show that the melting layer has good fusion with the bottom and side walls of the groove
with a cross-sectional porosity rate as low as 0.067%
and good macroforming quality. In the microstructure
from the fusion line to the center of the melting layer
it presents fine-grained zone
columnar grain zone
and equiaxed grain zone in sequence. Due to the stirring and dendrite breaking effect of the oscillating laser on the melt pool
the width of the columnar grain zone is only 180 μm
with obvious grain refinement effect
and the grain growth direction is consistent
pointing from the edge of the melting layer to the top center. From the base material to the top of the melting layer
the mass fractions of the alloy strengthening elements Mg and Zn decrease by 8.6% and 34.9% respectively due to high temperature burning
and the melting of the melt pool causes the original rolling state microstructure and work hardening effect in the base material to disappear
resulting in the hardness of the melting layer dropping to 103~112 HV
lower than the base material. The average tensile strength of the melting layer reaches 320.9 MPa
the average elongation rate is 7.0%
and the fracture is characterized by ductile fracture
with a small amount of small pores and 4~10 μm dimples. This study has achieved reliable repair of 7A52 aluminum alloy through the oscillating laser-arc hybrid process. The innovation lies in the use of oscillating laser to collaboratively regulate the flow of the melt pool and the growth of grains
effectively reducing the porosity rate and refining the structure
providing a new process path for the repair of high-strength aluminum alloy cracks.
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