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收稿：2025-02-16，
修回：2025-04-28，
纸质出版：2025-07-20
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为明确X52管线钢 TIG 焊接接头不同区域的氢脆敏感性差异，采用电化学充氢结合拉伸试验、显微组织表征及氢渗透测试等方法开展系统研究。结果表明：充氢后接头各区域强度变化不显著，但塑性显著下降，其中焊缝延伸率降幅最大（充氢15 h达48.6%），热影响区次之（48.3%），母材最小（26.1%）。显微组织分析表明，焊缝以针状铁素体及M/A组元为主，具有较高的位错密度，并含有较多尺寸较大（3~6 μm）、数量较多的Al
2
O
3
类夹杂物。氢渗透试验结果显示，焊缝的氢扩散系数最低（Deff=4.06×10
-6
cm
2
·s
-1
），氢陷阱密度最高（N=8.01×10
-5
mol·cm
-3
），表明氢原子在该区域更易聚集并诱发氢致裂纹。断口分析表明，充氢试样的断裂形式主要为准解理脆性断裂，且裂纹源多位于夹杂物周围，呈现“鱼眼”状特征形貌。综合分析表明，X52管线钢TIG焊接接头中，焊缝是氢脆最敏感的区域，其次为热影响区和母材。本研究揭示了焊接接头不同区域氢脆行为差异与其微观组织、氢陷阱分布之间的内在联系，为输氢环境下管线钢焊接结构的安全评估提供了实验依据。
To clarify the differences in hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity in different regions of X52 pipeline steel TIG welding joints
systematic research was conducted using methods such as electrochemical hydrogen charging combined with tensile tests
microstructure characterization
and hydrogen permeation testing. The results show that after hydrogen charging
there is no significant change in the strength of each region of the joint
but the plasticity significantly decreases. Amo
ng them
the elongation rate of the weld bead decreased the most (48.6% after 15 h of hydrogen charging)
followed by the heat-affected zone (48.3%)
and the base material the least (26.1%). Microstructure analysis shows that the weld bead is mainly composed of acicular ferrite and M/A components
has a higher dislocation density
and contains a larger number and size of Al
2
O
3
inclusions (3~6 μm). Hydrogen permeation test results show that the hydrogen diffusion coefficient of the weld bead is the lowest (Deff=4.06×10
-6
cm
2
·s
-1
) and the hydrogen trap density is the highest (N=8.01×10
-5
mol·cm
-3
)
indicating that hydrogen atoms are more likely to accumulate in this area and induce hydrogen-induced cracking. Fracture analysis shows that the fracture mode of hydrogen-charged samples is mainly quasi-cleavage brittle fracture
and the crack sources are mostly around inclusions
showing a "fisheye" characteristic morphology. Comprehensive analysis shows that in the TIG welding joint of X52 pipeline steel
the weld bead is the most sensitive area to hydrogen embrittlement
followed by the heat-affected zone and the base material. This study reveals the intrinsic relationship between the different hydrogen embrittlement behaviors in different regions of the welding joint and its microstructure and hydrogen trap distribution
providing experimental evidence for the safety assessment of pipeline steel welding structures under hydrogen transport environments.
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