机械振动对核电用16MND5埋弧焊焊缝组织与性能的影响

郑浩; 涂腾; 李海博; 吴坤任

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.06.19

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机械振动对核电用16MND5埋弧焊焊缝组织与性能的影响
Effect of Mechanical Vibration on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 16MND5 Submerged Arc Welded Joints for Nuclear Power Applications
2025年55卷第6期页码：140-146
收稿：2025-05-06，

修回：2025-05-30，

纸质出版：2025-06-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.06.19
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

郑浩，涂腾，李海博，等.机械振动对核电用16MND5埋弧焊焊缝组织与性能的影响［J］.电焊机，2025，55（6）：140-146. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.06.19.

ZHENG Hao, TU Teng, LI Haibo, et al.Effect of Mechanical Vibration on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 16MND5 Submerged Arc Welded Joints for Nuclear Power Applications[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2025, 55(6): 140-146. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.06.19.

摘要

针对核反应堆压力容器（RPV）用低合金高强钢16MND5埋弧焊接头的残余应力集中与组织调控难题，提出机械振动辅助焊接工艺，研究了振动对焊缝微观组织、力学性能及残余应力分布的影响机制。通过开展振动焊接试验（频率98~100 Hz），结合轮廓法逆向重构焊接接头残余应力场，并利用显微表征与力学测试揭示组织性能演变规律。结果表明，振动可促进针状铁素体（AF）含量增加，抑制粒状贝氏体（GB）形成，实现晶粒细化；焊缝纵向残余应力峰值显著降低且分布均匀化，屈服强度与硬度轻微下降，而延伸率与低温冲击韧性未明显劣化。微观机理表明，振动通过提升熔池冷却速率调控过冷奥氏体相变路径，并借助位错滑移释放晶格畸变能，从而协同实现残余应力松弛与组织优化。研究证实，振动焊接在无需额外热处理的条件下可有效改善核电厚壁构件焊缝的应力状态，为RPV主环焊缝的制造工艺革新提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

Abstract

To address the challenges of residual stress concentration and microstructural control in submerged arc welded joints of low-alloy high-strength steel 16MND5 for nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPV)

this study proposes a mechanical vibration-assisted welding process and systematically investigates the effects of vibration on weld microstructure

mechanical properties

and residual stress distribution. Vibration welding experiments (98-100 Hz frequency) were conducted

and the contour method was employed to reconstruct the residual stress field of welded joints through reverse analysis. Microstructural characterization and mechanical testing were performed to reveal the evolution of microstructure and properties.

Results

indicate that mechanical vibration promotes the formation of acicular ferrite (AF)

suppresses granular bainite (GB) formation

and achieves grain refinement. The peak longitudinal residual stress in the weld joint is significantly reduced and uniformly distributed

while yield strength and hardness exhibit slight decreases. Notably

elongation and low-temperature impact toughness remain unaffected. Mechanistic analysis reveals that vibration enhances the cooling rate of the weld pool

modulates the under-cooled austenite phase transformation pathway

and releases lattice distortion energy through dislocation slip

thereby synergistically alleviating residual stress and optimizing microstructure. This study demonstrates that vibration-assisted welding effectively improves the stress state of thick-walled nuclear components without additional post-weld heat treatment

offering theoretical and technical insights for advancing manufacturing processes of RPV critical welds.

关键词

Keywords

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