厚壁15CrMoR钢双丝GMAW焊接工艺研究
Study on the Dual-Welding Process for Thick-Walled 15CrMoR Steel
- 2025年55卷第5期 页码:115-120
收稿:2024-10-25,
修回:2025-03-10,
纸质出版:2025-05-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.05.16
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收稿:2024-10-25,
修回:2025-03-10,
纸质出版:2025-05-20
移动端阅览
针对60 mm厚15CrMoR耐热钢厚板焊接效率与质量控制的难题,提出采用双丝熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)工艺进行对接焊试验,系统表征了接头显微组织演变规律及力学性能特征。结果表明:通过优化双丝GMAW工艺参数,可实现单面焊双面成形,焊缝表面无气孔、夹杂等缺陷。显微组织分析显示,焊缝区以贝氏体为主,伴随少量针状铁素体;热影响区组织呈现显著不均匀性,粗晶区由粗大贝氏体与粒状贝氏体构成,细晶区则由细小铁素体基体与粒状贝氏体组成,母材组织为典型铁素体-珠光体混合结构。力学性能测试表明,焊接接头抗拉强度达502~504 MPa,断裂位置均位于母材,断口呈韧性断裂特征;焊缝区室温冲击吸收功为150~180 J,热影响区冲击吸收功为223~282 J,均高于标准要求。显微硬度分布显示,热影响区细晶区硬度最高(约220 HV),母材硬度最低(约150 HV),热影响区硬度高于母材,与其细化的显微组织特征相关。研究证实,双丝GMAW工艺通过协同控制热输入与层间温度,可有效抑制15CrMoR钢焊接粗晶区脆化倾向,兼顾焊接效率与接头强韧性。
To address the challenges of welding efficiency and quality control for 60 mm thick 15CrMoR heat-resistant steel plates
a butt welding test was conducted using a twin-wire gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the welded joint were systematically characterized.
Results
2
indicate that optimized twin-wire GMAW parameters achieved defect-free single-side welding with double-side formation
exhibiting no pores or inclusions. Microstructural analysis revealed that the weld zone primarily consisted of bainite with minor acicular ferrite. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) exhibited significant microstructural heterogeneity: the coarse-grained zone (CGHAZ) comprised coarse bainite and granular bainite
while the fine-grained zone (FGHAZ) contained a fine ferrite matrix with granular bainite. The base metal displayed a typical ferrite-pearlite structure. Mechanical tests demonstrated that the joint tensile strength reached 502-504 MPa
with fractures occurring in the base metal
showing ductile fracture characteristics. The room-temperature impact absorption energy of the weld and HAZ ranged from 150-180 J and 223-282 J
respectively
both exceeding standard requirements. Microhardness distribution indicated the highest hardness in the FGHAZ (approximately 220 HV) and the lowest in the base metal (approximately 150 HV)
while the weld and CGHAZ exhibited intermediate values. This study confirms that the twin-wire GMAW process
by synergistically controlling heat input and interpass temperature
effectively suppresses brittleness in the CGHAZ
balancing welding efficiency with joint strength and toughness.
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