锡基钎料和银基钎料对石墨和无氧铜钎焊接头组织及性能的影响研究

贺佳伊; 玉昆; 潘朋; 刘芳; 李志军

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.03.14

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锡基钎料和银基钎料对石墨和无氧铜钎焊接头组织及性能的影响研究
Study on the Influence of Tin-based and Silver-based Brazing Materials on the Microstructure and Properties of Graphite and Oxygen Free Copper Brazing Joints
2025年55卷第3期页码：103-109
收稿：2024-03-06，

修回：2024-07-03，

纸质出版：2025-03-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.03.14
稿件说明：

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贺佳伊，玉昆，潘朋，等.锡基钎料和银基钎料对石墨和无氧铜钎焊接头组织及性能的影响研究［J］.电焊机，2025，55（3）：103-109. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.03.14.

HE Jiayi, YU Kun, PAN Peng, et al.Study on the Influence of Tin-based and Silver-based Brazing Materials on the Microstructure and Properties of Graphite and Oxygen Free Copper Brazing Joints[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2025, 55(3): 103-109. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.03.14.

摘要

为克服石墨表面难以润湿的难题，采用AgCuTi活性钎料焊膏在石墨表面进行金属化，再采用典型的锡基钎料SnAgCu、银基钎料AgCuTi间接钎焊连接金属化的石墨和无氧铜。探究不同钎料在连接金属化石墨和铜上的工艺及剪切性能问题，主要包括界面结合、组织形态和结合强度的问题。试验结果表明，在真空850 ℃保温5 min的条件下成功实现了对石墨表面的金属化，金属化层主要为银-铜共晶组织，并在石墨表面形成了均匀的TiC层。钎焊结果表明：使用银基钎料的接头，钎料与金属化层结合较好，无明显的缺陷。剪切断裂发生在石墨的母材侧，最终形成的典型界面为铜/铜基固溶体＋银基固溶体＋TiCu/TiC/石墨。锡基钎料与金属化层间存在明显的缺陷，剪切断裂发生在钎缝，典型界面组织为铜/Cu

Sn/Cu

/β-Sn/银-铜共晶/TiC/石墨。

Abstract

To address the challenge of wetting the graph

ite surface

AgCuTi active brazing filler metal is utilized for metallization

while typical tin-based solder SnAgCu and silver-based brazing filler metal AgCuTi are employed for indirect brazing to establish connections between metallized graphite and oxygen-free copper. Investigating the process and shear performance of various brazing materials for connecting metallized graphite and copper

primarily focusing on aspects related to interface bonding

microstructure

and bonding strength. Experimental results demonstrated successful metallization of the graphite surface under vacuum insulation conditions at 850 ℃ for 5 minutes. The metallization layer primarily consisted of a silver-copper eutectic

with a uniform TiC layer formed on the surface of the graphite. The brazing results indicate that the joint utilizing silver-based brazing material exhibits strong bonding between the brazing material and the metallized layer

with no apparent defects. Shear fracture occurs on the graphite's base metal side

forming a typical interface comprising copper/copper-based solid solution+silver-based solid solution+TiCu/TiC/graphite. Conversely

noticeable defects are observed between the tin-based brazing material and the metallized layer

resulting in shear fracture at the brazing seam. The typical interface structure consists of copper/Cu

Sn/Cu

/β-Sn/silver-copper eutectic/TiC/graphite.

关键词

Keywords

references

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