热处理对电弧增材制造马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢组织性能的影响

李朝旭; 毛威; 马宏伟; 韩凯; 张敏; 李冲

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.11.16

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热处理对电弧增材制造马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢组织性能的影响
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Arc Additive Martensitic Precipitation-hardened Stainless Steel
2024年54卷第11期页码：120-127
纸质出版日期： 2024-11-25 ，
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.11.16
稿件说明：

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李朝旭，毛威，马宏伟，等.热处理对电弧增材制造马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢组织性能的影响［J］.电焊机，2024，54（11）：120-127.

LI Zhaoxu, MAO Wei, MA Hongwei, et al.Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Arc Additive Martensitic Precipitation-hardened Stainless Steel[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2024, 54(11): 120-127.
李朝旭，毛威，马宏伟，等.热处理对电弧增材制造马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢组织性能的影响［J］.电焊机，2024，54（11）：120-127. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.11.16.

LI Zhaoxu, MAO Wei, MA Hongwei, et al.Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Arc Additive Martensitic Precipitation-hardened Stainless Steel[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2024, 54(11): 120-127. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.11.16.

摘要

马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢在增材制造过程中，由于反复的热循环和热积累，材料的组织和性能可能会出现不均匀或缺陷。以自研药芯焊丝为原材料，采用电弧增材制造技术制造马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢结构件，由于电弧增材过程中受到复杂的热循环，因此增材件组织不均匀，导致机械性能下降。采用固溶、时效以及固溶+时效三种热处理工艺对结构件进行处理，并利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机等设备对试样的显微组织、成分、硬度和拉伸性能进行分析。结果表明，热处理态试样组织转变为马氏体且伴有强化相析出，其中固溶+时效处理效果最佳，极限抗拉强度与硬度分别达到1 048.53 MPa与423.5 HV，相比于沉积态分别提升了211.53 MPa与106.8 HV。但热处理态试样的断后伸长率相比于沉积态试样的有所降低。

Abstract

During the additive manufacturing process of martensite precipitation-hardening stainless steel

due to repeated thermal cycles and heat accumulation

the material's structure and properties may become uneven or defective. Using self-developed cored wire as raw material

martensite precipitation-hardening stainless steel structural parts are manufactured using arc additive manufacturing technology. Due to the complex thermal cycles during the arc additive process

the structure of the added parts is uneven

leading to a decrease in mechanical properties. The structural parts were treated with three types of heat treatment processes: solution treatment

aging

and solution treatment + aging. The microstructure

composition

hardness

and tensile properties of the samples were analyzed using metallographic microscopes

scanning electron microscopes

Vickers hardness testers

and tensile testing machines. The results show that the microstructure of the heat-treated samples transforms into martensite with strengthening phase precipitation. Among them

the solution treatment + aging effect is the best

with the ultimate tensile strength and hardness reaching 1

048.53 MPa and 423.5 HV respectively

an increase of 211.53 MPa and 106.8 HV compared to the as-deposited state. However

the elongation after fracture of the heat-treated samples is reduced compared to the as-deposited samples.

关键词

马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢电弧增材制造热处理组织性能显微组织

Keywords

martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steelarc additive manufacturingheat treatmentmicrostructure and propertymicrosturcture

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