水下湿法焊接关键工艺问题及调控措施的研究进展
Research Progress on Underwater Wet Welding —— Key Process Issues and Control Measures
- 2024年54卷第4期 页码:159-169
收稿:2023-09-13,
修回:2023-11-16,
纸质出版:2024-04-25
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.04.24
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收稿:2023-09-13,
修回:2023-11-16,
纸质出版:2024-04-25
移动端阅览
水下湿法焊接技术由于其成本低、对工件形状和接头形式限制少、配套设备少等优点已成为国内外水下工程技术研究的热点之一。对比了湿法、局部干法、干法等水下电弧焊方法,分析水下湿法焊接用于大规模海洋设施结构的制造及维护的优势。总结了当前水下湿法焊接工艺中的突出问题:接头氢含量高带来裂纹等风险、水环境中冷却速度过快影响焊缝组织和性能、焊接过程(气泡、电弧、熔滴过渡)不稳定导致接头不可靠。随后分别针对上述工艺问题,总结近十几年来学者提出的调控方法,如通过调整焊材成分、调整工艺参数以及加入隔离措施来降低焊缝中的氢,通过辅助热源及保温措施避免接头过快冷却,通过脉冲焊接电流或附加超声的方法改善气泡、电弧及熔滴过渡的不稳定等。总结了近年来较热门的通过外加辅助能场调控水下湿法焊接的最新进展。
Underwater wet welding technology has become a hot research topic in underwater engineering technology both domestically and internationally due to its advantages such as low cost
less restrictions on workpiece shape and joint form
and fewer supporting equipment. This article first compares underwater arc welding methods such as wet method
local dry method
and dry method
and analyzes the advantages of underwater wet welding used for the manufacturing and maintenance of large-scale marine facility structures. Then
the prominent problems in the current underwater wet welding process were summarized: high hydrogen content in the joints brings risks such as cracks
too fast cooling speed in the water environment affects the microstructure and performance of the welds
and unstable welding processes (such as bubbles
arc and droplet transfer) lead to unreliable joints. Subsequently
in response to the above-mentioned process issues
the control methods proposed by scholars in the past decade were summarized
such as adjusting the composition of welding materials
adjusting process parameters
and adding isolation measures to reduce hydrogen in the weld seam
avoiding rapid cooling of the joint through auxiliary heat sources and insulation measures
and improving the instability of bubble
arc
and droplet transfer through pulse welding current or additional ultrasound methods. In addition
the latest developments in the regulation of underwater wet welding through external auxiliary energy fields
which have been popular in recent years
are specifically summarized.
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