Microstructure and Properties of Laser-cladding CX Stainless Steel Coating on 45 Steel Surface

WANG Fan

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.02.10

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Microstructure and Properties of Laser-cladding CX Stainless Steel Coating on 45 Steel Surface
Vol. 56, Issue 2, Pages: 90-95(2026)
Received：31 October 2025，

Revised：2025-12-03，

Published：20 February 2026
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.02.10
稿件说明：

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王璠.45钢表面激光熔覆CX不锈钢组织性能研究［J］.电焊机，2026，56（2）：90-95. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.02.10.

WANG Fan.Microstructure and Properties of Laser-cladding CX Stainless Steel Coating on 45 Steel Surface[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(2): 90-95. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.02.10.

摘要

为提高45钢构件的耐磨与耐腐蚀性能，采用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面制备CX不锈钢熔覆层。通过优化工艺参数（激光功率320 W，扫描速度750 mm/s），获得了无明显气孔、裂纹且冶金结合良好的熔覆层。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）及X射线衍射（XRD）对熔覆层及基体的显微组织进行分析，发现熔覆层主要由细小板条马氏体组成，且晶粒尺寸（平均

5 μm）显著小于基体；热影响区因快速加热冷却生成了马氏体组织。由于熔覆过程冷却速率快，熔覆层内存在Cr、Ni元素分布不均导致的组织不均匀性。硬度测试表明，熔覆层硬度高达约650 HV，远高于基体（约197 HV），这主要归因于细晶强化、固溶强化及马氏体相变强化。电化学腐蚀测试显示，熔覆层的自腐蚀电位（-0.53 V）高于基体（-0.67 V），自腐蚀电流密度（3.48×10

-6

A/cm

）低于基体（5.7

×10

-5

A/cm²），表明其耐腐蚀性能显著提升，主要得益于熔覆层中较高的Cr、Ni含量促进形成了致密钝化膜。本研究证实，采用激光熔覆CX不锈钢能够有效改善45钢表面的硬度与耐蚀性。

Abstract

To improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 45 steel components

a CX stainless steel cladding layer was fabricated on the surface of 45 steel using laser cladding technology. By optimizing process parameters (laser power 320 W

scanning speed 750 mm/s)

a defect-free cladding layer with good metallurgical bonding to the substrate was obtained. The microstructure of the cladding layer and substrate was analyzed using optical microscopy

scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)

and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the cladding layer primarily consists of fine lath martensite

with a significantly finer grain size (average

5 μm) than the substrate. Martensite formed in the heat-affected zone due to rapid heating and cooling. However

microstructural inhomogeneity was observed within the cladding layer

attributed to the fast cooling rate and uneven distribution of Cr and Ni elements. Hardness tests indicated that the cladding layer hardness reached approximately 650 HV

substantially higher than that of the substrate (approximately 197 HV). This enhancement is mainly attributed to grain refinement strengthening

solid solution strengthening

and martensitic transformation strengthening. Electrochemical corrosion tests revealed that the cladding layer exhibited a higher corrosion potential (-0.53 V) and a lower corrosion current density (3.48×10

-6

A/cm²) by an order of magnitude compared to the substrate (-0.67 V

5.7×10

-5

A/cm²)

indicating significantly improved corrosion resistance. This improvement is primarily due to the higher Cr and Ni content in the cladding layer

which promotes the formation of a dense passive film. This study confirms that SLM cladding with CX stainless steel can effectively enhance the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of 45 s

tee.

关键词

Keywords

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