Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Deformation in Thick Large-sized Structural Stainless Steel SUS304 Electron Beam Welding

ZHANG Yusheng; BI Tao; LAN Tao; XIE Yang; YANG Zuoshi; DENG Dean

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.12

Welding Technology | Views : 0 下载量: 0 CSCD: 0

PDF
Export
Share
Collection
Album

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Deformation in Thick Large-sized Structural Stainless Steel SUS304 Electron Beam Welding
Vol. 56, Issue 1, Pages: 88-95(2026)
Received：29 May 2025，

Revised：2025-09-13，

Published：20 January 2026
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.12
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

张玉胜，毕涛，兰涛，等.SUS304不锈钢厚大构件电子束焊的变形预测及验证［J］.电焊机，2026，56（1）：88-95. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.12.

ZHANG Yusheng, BI Tao, LAN Tao, et al.Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Deformation in Thick Large-sized Structural Stainless Steel SUS304 Electron Beam Welding[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(1): 88-95. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.12.

摘要

真空电子束焊广泛应用于厚大结构的生产中，厚大结构产生的焊接变形问题备受关注。本文以腹板板厚为40 mm，翼板板厚为54 mm和47 mm厚的SUS304不锈钢工字结构为研究对象，采用真空电子束焊来焊接工字结构的腹板与翼板，并利用MetraSCAN 3D扫描仪测量结构焊后的变形。基于测量结果，考察结构拘束对厚大结构焊接变形的影响。同时，以MSC.Marc 有限元软件为平台，开发基于增强移动热源模型的高效“热-弹-塑性有限元方法”来对焊接变形进行数值模拟。数值模拟结果与实验结果的比较表明，采用该热源模型可以较精确地模拟厚大工字结构焊接变形，综合吻合度可达90%。此外，数值模拟结果和实验结果表明，采用结构拘束能有效控制焊接变形。

Abstract

Vacuum electron beam welding has been widely used in the production of thick and large structures

and the welding distortion problem of thick and large structures is of great concern. In this study

the SUS304 stainless steel I-beam structure with a web thickness of 40 mm

and flange thicknesses of 54 mm and 47 mm as the research object

and vacuum electron beam welding was used to weld the flange and web of the I-beam structure. The deformation of the structure after welding was measured by the MetraSCAN 3D scanner. Based on the measurement results

the influence of structural restraint on the welding distortion of thick and large structures was examined. At the same time

a "thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method" with enhanced length moving heat source model was developed based on MSC. Marc software to simulate temperature field and welding distortion. The comparison between the simulation results and experimental measurements shows that the heat source model with enhanced length can calculate the welding distortion of thick and large I-beam structure with a high precision

and the overall consistency is up to 90%. In addition

both the numerical simulation and the measured data suggest that the structural restraint method can effectively control welding deformation.

关键词

Keywords

references

戴培元 . 奥氏体不锈钢厚大结构件激光焊接变形预测及控制手段研究［D］. 重庆：重庆大学， 2020 .

DAI P Y . Study on deformation prediction and control methods for laser welding of large Austenitic stainless steel structures ［D］. Chongqing ： Chongqing University ， 2020 .

Wang Y F ， Feng G J ， Pu X W ， et al . Influence of welding sequence on residual stress distribution and deformation in Q345 steel H-section butt-welded joint ［J］. Journal of Materials Research and Technology ， 2021 ， 13 ： 144 - 153 .

PU X ， ZHANG C ， LI S ， et al . Simulating welding residual stress and deformation in a multi-pass butt-welded joint considering balance between computing time and prediction accuracy ［J］. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ， 2017 ， 93 ： 2215 - 2226

杨涛，袁梦扬，简海林，等 . 速度对304不锈钢电子束焊接头组织与性能的影响［J］. 机械工程材料， 2021 ， 45 （ 12 ）： 31 - 35 .

YANG T ， YUAN M Y ， JIAN H L ， et al . Effect of Welding Speed on Microstructure and Properties of 304 Stai-nless Steel electron Beam Welding Joint ［J］. Materials for Mechanical Engineering ， 2021 ， 45 （ 12 ）： 31 - 35 .

胡兴，彭昭成，冯广杰，等 . SUS310S不锈钢局部真空电子束焊接接头残余应力及变形研究［J］. 机械工程学报， 2020 ， 56 （ 21 ）： 38 - 47 .

HU X ， PENG Z C ， FENG G J ， et al . Study on Residual Stress and Deformation of SUS310S Stainless Steel Local Vacuum electron Beam Welded Joint ［J］. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering ， 2019 ， 56 （ 21 ）： 38 - 47 .

邓德安，清岛祥一 . 用可变长度热源模拟奥氏体不锈钢多层焊对接接头的焊接残余应力［J］. 金属学报， 2010 ， 46 （ 02 ）： 195 - 200 .

DENG D A ， Kiyoshima S . Numerical simulation of welding residual stresses in a multi-pass butt-welded joint of austenitic stainless steel using variable length heat source ［J］. Acta Metallurgica Sinica ， 2010 ， 46 （ 02 ）： 195 - 200 .

CAI Z ， ZHAO H ， LU A ， et al . Establishment of Line-Gauss Heat Source Model and Application in Welding Numerical Simulation ［J］， China Mechanical Engineering ， 2002 ， 13 （ 3 ）： 208 - 210 .

LINJIE Z ， JIANXUN Z ， KALAOUI H ， et al . A comparative study of the residual deformation of an automotive gear-case assembly due to deep-penetration high-energy welding ［J］. Journal of Materials Processing Technology ， 2007 ， 190 （ 1-3 ）： 109 - 116 .

Feng G ， Wang Y ， Luo W ， et al . Comparison of welding residual stress and deformation induced by local vacuum electron beam welding and metal active gas arc welding in a stainless steel thick-plate joint ［J］. Journal of Materials Research and Technology ， 2021 ， 13 ： 1967 - 1979 .

胡兴，戴培元，张超华，等 . 合并焊道法对SUS304不锈钢平板对接接头焊接残余应力计算精度和效率的影响［J］. 机械工程学报， 2019 ， 55 （ 12 ）： 72 - 82 .

HU X ， DAI P Y ， ZHANG C H ， et al . Influence of Combined welding bead Method on Calculation accuracy and Efficiency of residual Stress of SUS304 Stainless Steel flat butt Joint ［J］. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering ， 2019 ， 55 （ 12 ）： 72 - 82 .

戴培元，胡兴，逯世杰，等 . 尺寸因素对2D轴对称模型计算不锈钢管焊接残余应力精度的影响［J］. 金属学报， 2019 ， 55 （ 08 ）： 1058 - 1066 .

DAI P Y ， HU X ， LU S J ， et al . Influence of Size Factors on the Accuracy of Calculating Residual Stress of Stainless Steel pipe welding by 2D Axisymmetric Model ［J］. Acta Metalica Sinica ， 2019 ， 55 （ 08 ）： 1058 - 1066 .

Deng D A ， Murakawa H ， Liang W . Numerical and experimental investigations on welding residual stress in multi-pass butt-welded austenitic stainless steel pipe ［J］. Computational Materials Science ， 2007 ， 42 （ 2 ）： 234 - 244 .

Deng D A ， Murakawa H . Numerical simulation of temperature field and residual stress in multi-pass welds in stainless steel pipe and comparison with experimental measurements ［J］. Computational Materials Science ， 2006 ， 37 （ 3 ）： 269 - 277 .

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Study on Temperature Field and Deformation of Double Electron Beam Welding of Intermediate Case of Aero Engine

Preparation and Characterization of Ca_1-x-yWO₄∶xPr³⁺,yLi⁺ Deep Red Phosphors for White LEDs Excited by Blue Light

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of CuInS₂ Nanocrystals

Early Degradation of GaN-based Power LED under Electrical Stresses

Defect Study at The Surface of (Cu,Al)-doped ZnO Thin Film by Raman Spectra