The Influence of Nitrogen Protection on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Hot-Wire Laser Additive Manufacturing

ZHENG Chengyu; LI Guang; CHEN Jipeng; SU Guoxing; SHI Yu; GU Yufen

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.07

Welding Technology | Views : 0 下载量: 296 CSCD: 0

PDF
Export
Share
Collection
Album

The Influence of Nitrogen Protection on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Hot-Wire Laser Additive Manufacturing
Vol. 56, Issue 1, Pages: 51-58(2026)
Received：25 April 2025，

Revised：2025-05-16，

Published：20 January 2026
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.07
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

郑诚玉，李广，陈计澎，等.氮气保护对热丝激光增材制备316L奥氏体不锈钢组织与性能的影响［J］.电焊机，2026，56（1）：51-58. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.07.

ZHENG Chengyu, LI Guang, CHEN Jipeng, et al.The Influence of Nitrogen Protection on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Hot-Wire Laser Additive Manufacturing[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(1): 51-58. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.01.07.

摘要

以316L不锈钢焊丝作为沉积材料，分别研究了纯N

和纯Ar保护气氛对热丝激光增材制造（LAM）试样微观组织、力学性能及晶界腐蚀行为的影响规律。结果表明：增材试样组织主要为奥氏体，枝晶间分布少量铁素体，Ar试样的含氮量为0.047%，N

试样的含氮量为0.052%。N

试样枝晶间距较少，晶粒取向以

001

为主，Ar试样枝晶较大，晶粒取向以

101

为主。N

试样的抗拉强度（602.9 MPa）与屈服强度（430.6 MPa）较Ar试样（541.6 MPa、411.0 MPa）分别提升11.3%和4.8%，同时延伸率保持43.6%。N

试样的腐蚀速率较Ar试样低，氮元素通过减缓贫铬区形成及晶粒细化，协同阻碍腐蚀的扩展。研究结果为N

保护增材

制造奥氏体不锈钢提供了试验依据和理论指导。

Abstract

This study utilized 316L stainless steel welding wire as the deposition material to systematically investigate the effects of nitrogen and argon shielding gas atmospheres on the microstructure

mechanical properties

and intergranular corrosion behavior of hot-wire laser additive manufacturing (LAM) specimens. The results revealed that the additively manufactured samples primarily exhibited an austenitic matrix with minor ferrite distributed along dendrites. The nitrogen content was 0.047 wt.% in argon-protected samples and 0.052 wt.% in nitrogen-protected samples. Nitrogen-protected samples displayed reduced secondary dendrite arm spacing

predominantly featuring a <001> grain orientation

whereas argon-protected samples exhibited larger dendrites and a predominant <101> orientation. Nitrogen-protected samples demonstrated superior mechanical properties

achieving tensile strength (602.9 MPa) and yield strength (430.6 MPa) values 11.3% and 4.8% higher than those of argon-protected samples (541.6 MPa

411.0 MPa)

respectively

while maintaining an elongation of 43.6%. The corrosion rate of nitrogen-protected samples was lower than that of argon-protected samples. Nitrogen was identified as a critical factor in mitigating chromium depletion zone formation and refining grains

synergistically suppressing intergranular corrosion propagation. These findings provide experimental and theoretical guidance for optimizing nitrogen-shielded additive manufacturing of austenitic stainless steels.

关键词

Keywords

references

Chen X ， Yao M ， Kong F ， et al . In-situ quality monitoring of laser hot wire cladding process based on multi-sensing diagnosis and machine learning model ［J］. Journal of Manufacturing Processes ， 2023 ， 87 ： 183 - 198 .

姚喆赫，钱泓宇，余沛坰，等 . 送粉/送丝激光增材修复 Inconel 718高温合金V形槽［J］. 焊接学报， 2023 ， 44 （ 10 ）： 71 - 78 .

YAO Z H ， QIAN H Y ， YU P J ， et al . Comparative study between powder feeding and wire feeding laser additive repairing of V-groove with Inconel 718 alloy ［J］. Transactions of The China Welding Institution ， 2023 ， 44 （ 10 ）： 71 - 78 .

Xia M ， Gu D ， Yu G ， et al . Porosity evolution and its thermodynamic mechanism of randomly packed powder bed during selective laser melting of Inconel 718 alloy ［J］. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture ， 2017 ， 116 ： 96 - 106 .

Roch C ， Tournier C ， Lavernhe S . Process based modelling of power density for wire laser additive manufacturing using a coaxial head ［J］. Additive Manufacturing ， 2023 ， 73 ： 103648 .

Ganesh Kumar J ， Prasad Reddy G V ， George A ， et al . Evaluation of tensile properties of thermally aged 316LN stainless steel with varying nitrogen content using ABI technique ［J］. Materials Science and Engineering：A ， 2021 ， 806 ： 140819 .

张青科，裴夤崟，龙伟民 . 奥氏体不锈钢钎焊界面裂纹形成机制研究［J］. 金属学报， 2013 ， 49 （ 10 ）： 1177 - 1184 .

ZHANG Q K ， PEI Y Y ， LONG W M . Investigations on Formation Mechanisms of Brazing Cracks at the Austenitic Stainless Steel/Filler Metal Brazing joint Interfaces ［J］. Acta Metallurgica Sinica ， 2013 ， 49 （ 10 ）： 1177 - 1184 .

张艳，杨志彬，张健，等 . 310不锈钢焊接接头组织及性能研究［J］. 热加工工艺， 2014 ， 43 （ 15 ）： 212 - 214 .

ZHANG Y ， YANG Z B ， ZHANG J ， et al . Microstructure and Properties of Welded joints of 310 Stainless Steel ［J］. Hot Working Technology ， 2014 ， 43 （ 15 ）： 212 - 214 .

Naim M ， Alhussein A ， Chemkhi M . Tribocorrosion of additively manufactured （AM-ed） metallic biomaterials in hip implants： review on methodology and post treatments ［J］. Journal of Bio-and Tribo-Corrosion ， 2023 ， 9 （ 4 ）： 65 .

Hosseini V ， Högström M ， Hurtig K ， et al . Wire-arc additive manufacturing of a duplex stainless steel： thermal cycle analysis and microstructure characterization ［J］. Welding in the World ， 2019 ， 63 ： 975 - 987 .

Li S ， Zhang L J ， Ning J ， et al . Microstructures and properties of wire-arc additively manufactured 5356 aluminium alloy protected by different proportions of nitrogen and argon ［J］. Journal of Materials Science ， 2021 ， 56 ： 17785 - 17804 .

Murr L E ， Martinez E ， Gaytan S M ， et al . Microstructural Architecture，Microstructures，and Mechanical Properties for a Nickel-Base Superalloy Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting ［J］. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A ， 2011 ， 42 （ 11 ）： 3491 - 3508 .

Fukunaga T ， Kaneko K ， Kawano R ， et al . Formation of intergranular M23C6 in sensitized type-347 stainless steel ［J］. isij international ， 2014 ， 54 （ 1 ）： 148 - 152 .

Kaneko K ， Fukunaga T ， Yamada K ， et al . Formation of M23C6-type precipitates and chromium-depleted zones in austenite stainless steel ［J］. Scripta Materialia ， 2011 ， 65 （ 6 ）： 509 - 512 .

刘爽，宋志刚，王曼，等 . 固溶处理温度对超级双相不锈钢UNS S32750的耐点蚀性能与显微组织的影响［J］. 金属热处理， 2018 ， 43 （ 12 ）： 126 - 130 .

LIU S ， SONG Z G ， WANG M ， et al . Effect of solution treatment temperature on pitting corrosion resistance and microstructure of super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750 ［J］. Heat Treatment of Metals ， 2018 ， 43 （ 12 ）： 126 - 130 .

Hong H ， Rho B ， Nam S W . Correlation of the M23C6 precipitation morphology with grain boundary characteristics in austenitic stainless steel ［J］. Materials Science and Engineering：A ， 2001 ， 318 （ 1-2 ）： 285 - 292 .

Li J ， Li H ， Xu Z ， et al . Effect of nitrogen content on microstructure， mechanical properties， and corrosion behaviour of coarse-grained heat-affected zone of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel ［J］. International Journal of Materials Research ， 2019 ， 110 （ 10 ）： 936 - 945 .

Mukherjee M ， Pal T K . Evaluation of microstructural and mechanical properties of Fe-16Cr-1Ni-9Mn-0.12 N austenitic stainless steel welded joints ［J］. Materials Characterization ， 2017 ， 131 ： 406 - 424 .

Zhao L ， Tian Z ， Peng Y . Control of nitrogen content and porosity in gas tungsten arc welding of high nitrogen steel ［J］. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining ， 2009 ， 14 （ 1 ）： 87 - 92 .

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure properties of austenitic stainless steel 316L using arc additive manufacturing

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CMT-Welded X80 Pipeline Steel Joints

Laser Welding of HR-2 Hydrogen-Resistant High-Strength Steel Pipes: Process Parameters and Mechanical Properties

Study on Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Metal Joints Between Haynes 230 and Inconel 617 Brazed with Amorphous BNi2 Filler Metal

Influence of Aging Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SLMed Ultra-high Strength Steel