Optimization of Preparation Process and Microstructure of Inconel 625 Cladding Layer Prepared Using Laser Metal Deposition with Hot Wire

SU Guoxing; SHI Yu; HAN Jing; ZHANG Gang

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.11.04

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Optimization of Preparation Process and Microstructure of Inconel 625 Cladding Layer Prepared Using Laser Metal Deposition with Hot Wire
Vol. 55, Issue 11, Pages: 23-30(2025)
Received：10 September 2024，

Revised：2025-01-06，

Published：20 November 2025
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.11.04
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苏国兴，石玗，韩静，等.激光热丝沉积Inconel 625熔覆层工艺优化与微观组织［J］.电焊机，2025，55（11）：23-30. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.11.04.

SU Guoxing, SHI Yu, HAN Jing, et al.Optimization of Preparation Process and Microstructure of Inconel 625 Cladding Layer Prepared Using Laser Metal Deposition with Hot Wire[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2025, 55(11): 23-30. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.11.04.

摘要

激光热丝沉积过程中焊丝熔入行为复杂，制约了其工程化推广。以Inconel 625焊丝为熔覆材料、45#钢为基材，通过高速摄像与红外温度场采集系统，系统分析激光热丝沉积过程中焊丝预热-熔化-传输的动态行为。研究发现，激光热丝沉积过程存在大滴过渡、液桥过渡、熔断过渡和焊丝折断过渡四种典型的焊丝过渡行为，其中液桥过渡是最理想的焊丝过渡方式。通过工艺优化得到了制备Inconel 625涂层最优工艺参数窗口为：激光功率2 000 W，沉积速度2.5 m/min，送丝速度3 m/min，热丝电流110 A，激光偏移量1.25 mm。基于最优工艺参数制备了与基材冶金结合良好、无缺陷的Inconel 625沉积层，沉积层由大量致密柱状枝晶构成，受熔池散热方向与联生结晶机制影响，沉积层底部与中部的柱状晶生长方向与基材表面呈50°~90°。本研究为激光热丝沉积技术在Inconel 625合金表面改性及修复领域的工程应用提供了工艺支撑与理论参考。

Abstract

The melting behavior of the welding wire during the laser hot wire deposition process is complex

which restricts its engineering promotion. Using Inconel 625 welding wire as the cladding material and 45# steel as the base material

the dynamic behavior of the welding wire preheating-melting-transfer during the laser hot wire deposition process was systematically analyzed through high-speed imaging and infrared temperature field acquisition systems. The study found that there are four typical welding wire transition behaviors in the laser hot wire deposition process

including large droplet transition

liquid bridge transition

melt fracture transition

and welding wire fracture transition

among which the liquid bridge transition is the most ideal welding wire transition mode. Through process optimization

the optimal process parameter window for preparing Inconel 625 coating was obtained: laser power of 2 000 W

deposition speed of 2.5 m/min

wire feeding speed of 3 m/min

hot wire current of 110 A

and laser offset of 1.25 mm. Based on the optimal process parameter combination

an Inconel 625 deposition layer with good metallurgical bonding with the base material and no defects was prepared. The deposition layer consists of a large number of dense columnar dendrites. Influenced by the heat dissipation direction of the melt pool and the coupled crystallization mechanism

the growth direction of the columnar crystals at the bottom and middle of the deposition layer is 50°~90° with respect to the surface of the base material

and the columnar crystals at the layer boundary grow perpendicularly to the layer boundary line towards the center of the deposition layer. This study provides process support and theoretical reference for the engineering application of laser hot wire deposition technology in the surface modification and repair of Inconel 625 alloy.

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references

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