Current Research Status and Prospect of Laser Deep Penetration Welding of Titanium Alloys
- Vol. 55, Issue 7, Pages: 43-56(2025)
Received:26 April 2025,
Revised:2025-05-30,
Published:20 July 2025
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.07.04
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Received:26 April 2025,
Revised:2025-05-30,
Published:20 July 2025
移动端阅览
钛合金因其优异的比强度、耐腐蚀性、生物相容性等特点,广泛应用于航空航天、生物医疗及海洋工程等高端制造领域。激光深熔焊接作为钛合金高效精密连接的重要手段,具有焊接速度快、热影响区小、焊缝成形质量高等优点。然而,在焊接过程中仍存在如光致等离子体、金属蒸气羽流、飞溅、匙孔不稳定及气孔等关键问题,影响焊接质量与接头性能。系统综述了钛合金激光深熔焊接的原理与技术特点,深入分析了上述缺陷的形成机制,并总结了当前主流的抑制策略与优化方法。研究表明,通过光束调控、工艺参数优化、辅助气体控制及真空环境等手段,可有效提升焊接稳定性与成形质量。最后展望了钛合金激光深熔焊接技术的发展趋势,指出智能化控制、多物理场耦合建模、绿色制造等方向将成为未来研究的重点,以推动该技术在高端装备制造领域的应用与推广。
Titanium alloys are widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace
biomedical engineering
and marine technology due to their excellent specific strength
corrosion resistance
and biocompatibility. As a key technology for high-efficiency and precision joining of titanium alloys
laser deep penetration welding offers advantages including high welding speed
narrow heat-affected zone
and superior weld bead quality. However
several critical issues
such as plasma generation
metal vapor plume
spatter formation
keyhole instability
and porosity
still affect welding quality and joint performance. This paper systematically reviews the fundamental principles and technical characteristics of laser deep penetration welding of titanium alloys
analyzes the formation mechanisms of these welding defects
and summarizes the current mainstream suppression strategies and optimization methods. Research indicates that welding stability and weld formation quality can be significantly improved through beam shaping
process parameter optimization
auxiliary gas control
and vacuum environment techniques. Finally
the future development trends of laser deep penetration welding for titanium alloys are discussed
with an emphasis on intelligent control
multi-physics field coupling modeling
and green manufacturing as key research directions to further promote the application of this technology in advanced manufacturing.
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