Research on Microstructure and Properties of 304/Norem 02 Gradient Transition Layer by Laser Direct Energy Deposition

HAN Chaoyu; YANG Jia; XIE Zhenxuan; HUANG Yuan; WANG Kaikun; ZHU Ping; CHEN Zhongbing

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.06.13

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Research on Microstructure and Properties of 304/Norem 02 Gradient Transition Layer by Laser Direct Energy Deposition
Vol. 55, Issue 6, Pages: 95-103(2025)
Received：30 April 2025，

Revised：09 June 2025，

Published：20 June 2025
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.06.13
稿件说明：

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韩潮宇，杨佳，谢臻轩，等.激光沉积304/Norem 02梯度过渡层组织和性能研究［J］.电焊机，2025，55（6）：95-103. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.06.13.

HAN Chaoyu, YANG Jia, XIE Zhenxuan, et al.Research on Microstructure and Properties of 304/Norem 02 Gradient Transition Layer by Laser Direct Energy Deposition[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2025, 55(6): 95-103. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2025.06.13.

摘要

为解决铁基合金阀门密封面电弧堆焊制造过程中基体与堆焊层界面处易产生焊接热裂纹的问题，引入梯度过渡的思路，根据JMatpro和Thermo-Calc计算获得的硬度和析出相随Norem 02合金含量的变化规律，设计了两种不同的梯度过渡层。采用激光直接能量沉积的方法制备了不同梯度过渡沉积层和无过渡沉积层，并系统对比分析了三种沉积层的显微组织、硬度分布及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明，梯度过渡沉积层界面两侧硬度梯度较小，界面附近沉积层组织以一次枝晶形貌为主，沿枝晶间处分布富Cr一次碳化物。无过渡沉积层界面两侧硬度梯度较大，沉积层一次枝晶间处分布着大量的富Cr共晶组织，二次枝晶臂处存在富Mo一次碳化物。通过采用梯度过渡沉积方式，缓解了界面处过大的硬度梯度，消除了界面附近的低熔点共晶组织，对降低焊接热裂纹倾向起到积极作用。但是，梯度过渡沉积层在摩擦磨损测试过程中抗塑性变形能力较差，磨损量较大。梯度过渡沉积层耐磨性不足与激光沉积稀释率较大有关，导致其最表层Norem 02合金含量低于设计值。后续可通过调整激光沉积工艺进行优化，以提高梯度过渡沉积层表层的耐磨性。

Abstract

To solve the problem of welding hot cracks at the interface between the substrate and the iron-based sealing surfaces during arc surfacing process

this paper introduced the idea of gradient transition. The variations of hardness and precipitates with the content of Norem 02 alloy in the gradient transition layer were analyzed by JMatPro and Thermo-Calc software. Based on the calculation results

two gradient transition strategies were designed. Different gradient transition deposition layers and non-transition deposition layers were prepared by the direct laser energy deposition

and the microstructure

hardness distribution

wear performance was studied systematically. The results showed that the gradient transition layers exhibited a smaller hardness gradient at the interface

and the microstructure primarily consisting of primary dendrites and Cr-rich primary carbides distributed along the interdendritic regions. In contrast

the non-transition layers showed a larger hardness gradient at the interface

and abundant Cr-rich eutectic phases at the interdendritic regions and Mo-rich primary carbides at the secondary dendrite arms were found. The gradient transition layers effectively reduced the excessive hardness gradient at the interface and eliminated eutectic phases with low melting point

thereby mitigating the hot cracks tendency. However

the gradient transition layers demonstrated poorer resistance to plastic deformation

resulting in higher wear rates. The low wear resistance of the gradient transition layers was attributed to the high dilution rate in laser deposition

leading to a lower than designed Norem 02 alloy content in the outer layer. Future optimization of the laser deposition process is expected to improve the wear resistance of the gradient transition layers.

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