Effect of Rotation Speed on Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Aluminum/Copper Dissimilar Metal Sheet

YANG Ruichen; WANG Jin; ZHANG Shuai; ZHANG Xinyue

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.07.12

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Effect of Rotation Speed on Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Aluminum/Copper Dissimilar Metal Sheet
Vol. 54, Issue 7, Pages: 83-92(2024)
Received：22 November 2023，

Revised：2023-12-22，

Published：25 July 2024
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.07.12
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

杨瑞琛，王进，高波，等.转速对铝铜异种金属薄板搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响［J］.电焊机，2024，54（7）：83-92. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.07.12.

YANG Ruichen, WANG Jin, ZHANG Shuai, et al.Effect of Rotation Speed on Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Aluminum/Copper Dissimilar Metal Sheet[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2024, 54(7): 83-92. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2024.07.12.

摘要

探讨了不同转速（1 600~2 000 r/min）对铝铜异种金属薄板搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响，旨在为铜-铝较薄复合构件的开发提供理论依据。实验采用搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）技术对接焊铝和铜薄板，通过金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪器（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和显微维氏硬度计等设备对焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观结构、元素分布、金属间化合物（IMCs）相和硬度分布进行分析，并通过拉伸试验机研究其力学性能。结果表明，在1 600~1 800 r/min转速下，可获得表面质量良好的焊接接头，且随着转速的增加，IMCs层厚度增加，显微硬度峰值出现在焊核区，平均硬度高于铜侧和铝侧；接头断裂方式为韧-脆混合断裂，断裂位置均在铜铝对接接头处；当焊接速度为30 mm/min，转速1 800 r/min时，接头表面质量最佳，IMCs层厚为2.65 μm，抗拉强度达到最大值，显示出良好的力学性能，适合于铜-铝较薄复合构件的应用。。

Abstract

The microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded butt joints of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal sheets at different rotational speeds (1600~2000 r/min) were studied

which provided a reference for the development of copper-aluminum thinner composite components. Under the condition of 1600~2000 r/min

the friction stir welding ( FSW ) method was used to weld the copper-aluminum sheet. After the welding was completed

the macroscopic morphology of the welded joint was observed by metallographic microscope. The microstructure of the welded joint was observed by sca

nning electron microscope ( SEM ). The element change of the welded joint was studied by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer ( EDS ). The phase of the intermetallic compounds ( IMCs ) was studied by X-ray diffractometer ( XRD ). The microhardness of the welded joint was studied by micro Vickers hardness tester. The tensile properties of welded joints were studied by tensile testing machine. It is found that the welded joints with good surface quality can be obtained at different rotational speeds (1600~1800 r/min). When the rotational speed is further increased

the surface quality is further improved. Complex microstructure was produced at the interface of aluminum matrix and copper matrix

and two intermetallic compounds

Cu and Al

were produced. With the increase of rotational speed

the thickness of IMCs also increased. The peak value of microhardness appears in the weld nugget zone

and the average microhardness is higher than that of the copper side and the aluminum side. The fracture modes of the joints at different rotational speeds are all in the form of ductile-brittle mixed fracture

and the fracture positions are all broken at the copper-aluminum butt joints. When the welding speed is 30 mm/min and the rotation speed is 1 800 r/min

the surface quality of the joint is the best and the interface structure is the best. The thickness of the IMCs is 2.65 μm

and the tensile strength of the joint can reach the maximum

which is suitable for the development of thin copper-aluminum composite components.

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